tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72177514169043144982023-06-20T21:35:05.898-07:00Korean waveThe popularity of South Korean popular culture in other Asian countrieskorean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-29965596576031860052011-05-24T00:54:00.000-07:002011-05-24T00:54:06.433-07:00WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: PLAN PRODUCT :: Arm big Circumference red wine The muffler style top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart<a href="http://www.kfreeshipping.com/arm-big-circumference-red-wine-the-muffler-style-top.html">WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: PLAN PRODUCT :: Arm big Circumference red wine The muffler style top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart</a>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-40926404638555071352011-05-17T20:05:00.000-07:002011-05-17T20:05:24.078-07:00WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: LONG-SLEEVE :: New women's trend ray style Chartreuse long Sweater top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart<a href="http://www.kfreeshipping.com/new-womens-trend-ray-style-chartreuse-long-sweater-top.html">WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: LONG-SLEEVE :: New women's trend ray style Chartreuse long Sweater top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart</a>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-57509887869140387822011-05-17T19:37:00.000-07:002011-05-17T19:37:04.499-07:00WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: SHORT-SLEEVE :: Sleeveless shirt style sweater long Yellow green knit top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart<a href="http://www.kfreeshipping.com/sleeveless-shirt-style-sweater-long-yellow-green-knit-top.html">WHOLESALE(Clothes) :: SHORT-SLEEVE :: Sleeveless shirt style sweater long Yellow green knit top - Shopping Cart Software & Ecommerce Software Solutions by CS-Cart</a>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-15444254475044788772011-05-13T21:24:00.000-07:002011-05-13T21:24:27.466-07:00Korean Food: Napa Cabbage Kimchi (배추 김치)<iframe width="480" height="295" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/1hH-ePIcFl8?fs=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-60386696212569488092011-05-13T21:19:00.000-07:002011-05-13T21:21:42.469-07:00Kimchi<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">Kimchi</h1><!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent --> <div id="bodyContent"><!-- tagline --> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div><!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle --> <div id="contentSub"></div><!-- /subtitle --><!-- jumpto --> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#p-search">search</a> </div><!-- /jumpto --><!-- bodytext --> <table cellspacing="5" class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Kimchi</th></tr>
<tr class=""> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gimchi.jpg"><img alt="" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gimchi.jpg/220px-Gimchi.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Korean name</th></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th> <td class=""><span style="font-size: 115%;"><span lang="ko-Hang" xml:lang="ko-Hang">김치</span></span></td></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th> <td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">gimchi</span></td></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th> <td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">kimch'i</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b>Kimchi</b> (<span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span title="pronunciation:"><img alt="play" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" /></span> <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">/</a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="primary stress">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="short 'i' in 'bid'">ɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'ch' in 'china'">tʃ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'y' in 'happy'">i</span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">/</a></span></span>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">김치</span> <span class="IPA" title="Pronunciation in IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Korean" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Korean">[kimtɕʰi]</a></span>), also spelled <b>gimchi</b>, <b>kimchee</b>, or <b>kim chee</b>, is a traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean dish</a>, made of vegetables with varied seasonings. Kimchi may also refer to unfermented vegetable dishes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-test_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-test-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> There are hundreds of varieties of kimchi, made with a main vegetable ingredient such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_cabbage" title="Napa cabbage">napa cabbage</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_onions" title="Green onions">green onions</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-A-World-of-Kimchi_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-A-World-of-Kimchi-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Kimchi is the most common <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">banchan</a>, or side dish, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a>. Kimchi is also a main ingredient for many popular Korean dishes such as kimchi stew (김치찌개; <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_jjigae" title="Kimchi jjigae">kimchi jjigae</a></i>), kimchi soup (김칫국; kimchiguk), and kimchi fried rice (김치볶음밥; <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_bokkeumbap" title="Kimchi bokkeumbap">kimchi bokkeumbap</a></i>)<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctoggle">[<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#Main_ingredients"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Main ingredients</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#Kimchi_varieties"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Kimchi varieties</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#By_region"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">By region</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#By_season"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">By season</span></a> </li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#Nutrition_and_health"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Nutrition and health</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#1996_Kimchi_dispute"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">1996 Kimchi dispute</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#2010_Kimchi_ingredient_price_crisis"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">2010 Kimchi ingredient price crisis</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a> </li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Kimchi-Ancient.form-Museum-01.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Korea-Kimchi-Ancient.form-Museum-01.jpg/220px-Korea-Kimchi-Ancient.form-Museum-01.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Kimchi-Ancient.form-Museum-01.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Ancient Kimchi</div></div></div>The oldest references to kimchi can be found from 2600 to 3000 years ago.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> The first text-written evidence of its existence can be found in the first Chinese poetry book, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Jing" title="Shi Jing">Shi Jing</a></i> (<a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9" title="wikt:詩">詩</a><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93" title="wikt:經">經</a>). In this book, kimchi was referred to as <i>jeo</i> (菹). The term <i>ji</i> was used until the pre-modern terms <i>chimchae</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a>: 沈菜, lit. soaked vegetables), <i>dimchae</i>, and <i>timchae</i> were adopted in the period of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The word then was modified into <i>jimchi</i>, and is currently <i>kimchi</i>. Early kimchi was made of cabbage and beef stock only. Red chili, a New World vegetable not found in Korea before European contact with the Americas, was added to kimchi recipes some time after 1500. Red <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_peppers" title="Chili peppers">chili pepper</a> flakes are now used as the main ingredient for spice and source of heat for many varieties of kimchi. In the twelfth century other spices, creating flavors such as sweet and sour, and colors, such as white and orange, were added.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kimchimuseum_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-kimchimuseum-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Main ingredients">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Main_ingredients">Main ingredients</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.Folk.Village-Minsokchon-02.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Korean.Folk.Village-Minsokchon-02.jpg/220px-Korean.Folk.Village-Minsokchon-02.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.Folk.Village-Minsokchon-02.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Chili peppers drying for kimchi</div></div></div>Kimchi varieties are determined by the main vegetable ingredients and the mix of seasonings used to flavor the kimchi. The most popular type of kimchi is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baechu" title="Baechu">baechu</a> (napa cabbage) variety but there are many regional and seasonal varieties. Popular variants include <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggakdugi" title="Ggakdugi">ggakdugi</a></i> which is a kimchi made with cubed radish; <i>pa-kimchi</i> (made with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">scallions</a>); <i>chonggak-kimchi</i> and <i>oisobagi</i> (hangul: 오이소박이), a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a> kimchi with hot and spicy seasoning; <i>gat-kimchi</i> (hangul: 갓김치); <i>boochoo-kimchi</i> (hangul: 부추김치); <i>youlmoo-kimchi</i> (hangul: 열무김치), a kimchi made with young radish; and <i>Kkaennip</i> (hangul: 깻잎) kimchi, which has layers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">perilla</a> and other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>.<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_Field_Museum" title="Kimchi Field Museum">Kimchi Field Museum</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> has documented 187 historic and current varieties of kimchi. Although the most common seasonings include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallions" title="Scallions">scallions</a> and spices, ingredients can be replaced or added depending on the type of kimchi being made. Common seasonings also include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chopped_radish&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Chopped radish (page does not exist)">chopped radish</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeujeot" title="Saeujeot">saeujeot</a></i> (hangul: 새우젓), and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">aekjeot</a></i> (hangul: 액젓, fish sauce).<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kimchi varieties">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Kimchi_varieties">Kimchi varieties</span></h2><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.cuisine-Banchan-02.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Korean.cuisine-Banchan-02.jpg/220px-Korean.cuisine-Banchan-02.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.cuisine-Banchan-02.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tongkimchi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tongkimchi (page does not exist)">Tongkimchi</a></i>, <i>gulgimchi</i> (kimchi with additional oyster) and other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">banchan</a></div></div></div>Kimchi can be categorized by main ingredients, regions or seasons. Korea's northern and southern sections have a considerable temperature difference.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahookorea_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-yahookorea-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
Kimchi from the northern parts of Korea tend to have less salt as well as less red chilli and usually do not have brined seafood for seasoning. Northern kimchi often has a watery consistency. Kimchi made in the southern parts of Korea, such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolla-do" title="Jeolla-do">Jeolla-do</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsang-do" title="Gyeongsang-do">Gyeongsang-do</a>, uses salt, chili peppers and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeolchijeot" title="Myeolchijeot">myeolchijeot</a></i> (hangul: 멸치젓, brined anchovy allowed to ferment) or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeujeot" title="Saeujeot">saeujeot</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>: 새우젓, brined shrimp allowed to ferment), <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myeolchiaekjeot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Myeolchiaekjeot (page does not exist)">myeolchiaekjeot</a></i> (Hangul: 멸치액젓, "<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kkanariaekjeot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kkanariaekjeot (page does not exist)">kkanariaekjeot</a>" 까나리액젓, liquid anchovy jeot, similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a> used in Southeast Asia, but thicker). In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul area</a> <i>saeujeot</i> is preferred.<br />
<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeujeot" title="Saeujeot">Saeujeot</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>: 새우젓) or <i>myeolchijeot</i> is not added to the kimchi spice-seasoning mixture, but is simmered to reduce odors, eliminate tannic flavor and fats, and then is mixed with a thickener made of rice or wheat starch (Hangul: 풀). This technique has been falling into disuse for the past forty years.<br />
Other brined <i>jeot</i> can be used, but are no longer common as modern commercialization has made <i>aekjeot</i> (액젓; either <i>myeolchijeot</i> or <i>saeujeot</i>) more affordable and convenient.<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_kimchi" title="White kimchi">White kimchi</a> (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baek_kimchi" title="Baek kimchi">baek kimchi</a></i>) is <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baechu" title="Baechu">baechu</a> (napa cabbage) seasoned without chili pepper and is neither red in color nor spicy. White radish kimchi (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongchimi" title="Dongchimi">dongchimi</a></i>) is another example of a popular kimchi that is not spicy. The watery white kimchi varieties are a popular ingredient in a number of dishes such as cold noodles in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongchimi" title="Dongchimi">dongchimi</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> (<i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongchimi_guksu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dongchimi guksu (page does not exist)">dongchimi guksu</a></i>) and are eaten widely during the summer months.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By region">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="By_region">By region</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimchi_jar.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Kimchi_jar.JPG/220px-Kimchi_jar.JPG" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimchi_jar.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onggi" title="Onggi">jars</a> used for storing kimchi, gochujang, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">doenjang</a>, soy sauce and other pickled banchan</div></div></div>This regional classification dates back to 1960s and contains plenty of historical facts, but the current kimchi-making trends in Korea are generally different from those mentioned below.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-yahookorea_7-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-yahookorea-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamgyeong-do" title="Hamgyeong-do">Hamgyeong-do</a></i> (Upper Northeast) </li>
</ul>Due to its proximity to the ocean, people in this particular region use fresh fish and oysters to season their kimchi.<br />
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwanghae-do" title="Hwanghae-do">Hwanghae-do</a></i> (Midwest) </li>
</ul>The taste of kimchi in Hwanghae-do can be best described as "moderate" — not bland but not overly spicy. Most kimchi from this region has less color since red chili flakes are not used. The typical kimchi for Hwanghae-do is called pumpkin kimchi (<i>bundi</i>).<br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.food-kimchi-02.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Korean.food-kimchi-02.jpg/220px-Korean.food-kimchi-02.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.food-kimchi-02.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i>Kimchi Buchingae</i></div></div></div><ul><li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi-do" title="Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</a></i> (Lower Midwest of Hwanghae-do) Gyeonggi-do kimchi is known for its eye-catching decorations. </li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungcheong-do" title="Chungcheong-do">Chungcheong-do</a></i> (Between Gyeonggi-do and Jeolla-do) </li>
</ul>Instead of using fermented fish, people in the region rely on salt and fermentation to make savory kimchi. Chungcheong-do is known for the greatest varieties of kimchi.<br />
<ul><li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangwon-do_(South_Korea)" title="Gangwon-do (South Korea)">Gangwon-do (South Korea)</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangwon-do_(North_Korea)" title="Kangwon-do (North Korea)">Kangwon-do (North Korea)</a></i> (Mideast) </li>
</ul>In Gangwon-do, kimchi is stored for longer periods of time. Unlike other coastal regions in Korea, kimchi in this area does not contain much salted fish.<br />
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolla-do" title="Jeolla-do">Jeolla-do</a></i> (Lower Southwest) </li>
</ul>Salted <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_corvina" title="Yellow corvina">yellow corvina</a> and salted <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfish" title="Butterfish">butterfish</a> are used in this region to create different seasonings for kimchi.<br />
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongsang-do" title="Gyeongsang-do">Gyeongsang-do</a></i> (Lower Southeast) </li>
</ul>This region is famous for salty and spicy flavors in its dishes and their kimchi is no exception. The most common seasoning components includes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeolchijeot" title="Myeolchijeot">myeolchijeot</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">멸치젓</a>) which produces a briny and savory flavor.<br />
<ul><li><i>Foreign Countries</i> </li>
</ul>In some places of the world people sometimes make kimchi with western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> and many other alternative ingredients such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: By season">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="By_season">By season</span></h3>Different types of kimchi were traditionally made at different times of year, based on when various vegetable were in season and also to take advantage of hot and cold seasons before the era of refrigeration. Although the advent of modern refrigeration —- including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_refrigerator" title="Kimchi refrigerator">kimchi refrigerators</a> specifically designed with precise controls to keep different varieties of kimchi at optimal temperatures at various stages of fermentation —- has made this seasonality unnecessary, Koreans continue to consume kimchi according to traditional seasonal preferences.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.cuisine-Chonggak.kimchi-01.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="140" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Korean.cuisine-Chonggak.kimchi-01.jpg/220px-Korean.cuisine-Chonggak.kimchi-01.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.cuisine-Chonggak.kimchi-01.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chonggak_kimchi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Chonggak kimchi (page does not exist)">Chonggak kimchi</a></i></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean-Dongchimi-01.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Korean-Dongchimi-01.jpg/220px-Korean-Dongchimi-01.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean-Dongchimi-01.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongchimi" title="Dongchimi">Dongchimi</a> (동치미)</i> is largely served during winter.</div></div></div><ul><li>Spring </li>
</ul>Traditionally, after a long period of consuming <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimjang" title="Gimjang">gimjang</a> kimchi</i> (hangul: 김장김치) during the winter, fresh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potherbs" title="Potherbs">potherbs</a> and vegetables were popular for making kimchi. These kinds of kimchi were not fermented or even stored for long periods of time but were consumed fresh.<br />
<ul><li>Summer </li>
</ul>Young summer radishes and cucumbers are popular summer vegetables made into kimchi, <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yeolmu_kimchi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Yeolmu kimchi (page does not exist)">yeolmu kimchi</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>: 열무김치) which is eaten in several bites. Brined fish or shellfish can be added and freshly ground dried chili peppers are often used.<br />
<ul><li>Autumn </li>
</ul><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baechu" title="Baechu">Baechu</a> kimchi</i> is the most common type of kimchi in the fall. It is prepared by inserting blended stuffing materials, called <i>sok</i> (literally meaning <i>inside</i>), between layers of salted leaves of uncut, whole <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_cabbage" title="Napa cabbage">Napa cabbage</a>. The ingredients of <i>sok</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>: 속) can vary, depending on the different regions and weather conditions. Generally, <i>baechoo kimchi</i> used to have a strong salty flavor until the late 1960s when a large amount of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeolchijeot" title="Myeolchijeot">myeolchijeot</a></i> or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeujeot" title="Saeujeot">saeujeot</a></i> had been used. Since the advent of <i>aekjeot</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">액젓</a>, Korean <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a>) in the early 1970s, however, low-sodium kimchi is preferably made both at homes and at factories.<br />
<ul><li>Winter </li>
</ul>Traditionally, the greatest varieties of kimchi were available during the winter. In preparation for the long winter months, many types of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimjang" title="Gimjang">kimjang</a> kimchi (hangul: 김장 김치) were prepared in early winter and stored in the ground in large kimchi pots. Today, modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_refrigerator" title="Kimchi refrigerator">kimchi refrigerators</a> offering precise temperature controls are used to store kimjang kimchi. November and December are traditionally when people begin to make kimchi; women often gather together in each others' homes to help with winter kimchi preparations. White kimchi (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baek_kimchi" title="Baek kimchi">baek kimchi</a></i>) is a popular kimchi to make during the wintertime. "Baechu kimchi" is made with salted <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baechu" title="Baechu">baechu</a> filled with thin strips of radish, parsley, pine nuts, pears, chestnuts, shredded red pepper, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbilicaria_esculenta" title="Umbilicaria esculenta">manna lichen (석이버섯)</a>, garlic, and ginger.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutrition and health">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Nutrition_and_health">Nutrition and health</span></h2>Kimchi is made of various vegetables and contains a high concentration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, while being low in calories. One serving also provides up to 80% of the daily recommended amount of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotene" title="Carotene">carotene</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Most types of kimchi contain onions, garlic, and peppers, all of which are salutary. The vegetables being made into kimchi also contribute to the overall nutritional value. Kimchi is rich in vitamin A, thiamine (B<sub>1</sub>), riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>), calcium, and iron,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Asianinfo_11-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-Asianinfo-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tour2korea_12-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-tour2korea-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> and contains a number of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_bacteria" title="Lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a>, among those the typical species <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_kimchii" title="Lactobacillus kimchii">Lactobacillus kimchii</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-autogenerated1-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> The magazine <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_(magazine)" title="Health (magazine)">Health</a></i> named kimchi in its list of top five "World's Healthiest Foods" for being rich in vitamins, aiding digestion, and even possibly reducing cancer growth.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_stew-Kimchi_jjigae-05.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Korean_stew-Kimchi_jjigae-05.jpg/220px-Korean_stew-Kimchi_jjigae-05.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_stew-Kimchi_jjigae-05.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi_jjigae" title="Kimchi jjigae">Kimchi jjigae</a></i>. A popular stew made with kimchi, it is commonly cooked with kimchi, fresh vegetables and pork or tuna although countless variants exist.</div></div></div>One study conducted by Seoul National University claimed that chickens infected with the H5N1 virus, also called avian flu, recovered after eating food containing the same bacteria found in kimchi. During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Asia, many people even believed that kimchi could protect against infection, although there was no scientific evidence to support this belief.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LAT_18-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-LAT-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> However, in May 2009, the Korea Food Research Institute, Korea’s state food research organization, said they had conducted a larger study on 200 chickens, which supported the theory that it boosts chickens' immunity to the virus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<table class="wikitable"><caption><b>Nutritional composition of typical kimchi</b><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></caption> <tbody>
<tr> <th>Nutrients</th> <th>per 100 g *</th> <th>Nutrients</th> <th>per 100 g</th></tr>
<tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Food energy</a></td> <td>32 kcal</td> <td>Moisture</td> <td>88.4 g</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Crude protein</td> <td>2.0 g</td> <td>Crude Lipid</td> <td>0.6 g</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Total sugar</td> <td>1.3 g</td> <td>Crude fiber</td> <td>1.2 g</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Crude ash</td> <td>0.5 g</td> <td>Calcium</td> <td>45 mg</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Phosphorus</td> <td>28 mg</td> <td>Vitamin A</td> <td>492 IU</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Vitamin B<sub>1</sub></td> <td>0.03 mg</td> <td>Vitamin B<sub>2</sub></td> <td>0.06 mg</td></tr>
<tr> <td>Niacin</td> <td>2.1 mg</td> <td>Vitamin C</td> <td>21 mg</td></tr>
</tbody></table>* Per 100 g of edible portion.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1996 Kimchi dispute">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1996_Kimchi_dispute">1996 Kimchi dispute</span></h2>In 1996, Korea argued that Japanese kimchi was substantially different from traditional kimchi (in particular, that it was not fermented), and that it therefore should not be labeled kimchi. Korea lobbied for an international standard from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" title="Codex Alimentarius">Codex Alimentarius</a>, an organization associated with the World Health Organization that defines voluntary standards for food preparation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LAT_18-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-LAT-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_21-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-NYT-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> A non-binding standard was published in 2001 that described production methods similar to those traditionally used in Korea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2010 Kimchi ingredient price crisis">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2010_Kimchi_ingredient_price_crisis">2010 Kimchi ingredient price crisis</span></h2>Due to heavy rainfall shortening the harvesting time for cabbage and other main ingredients for kimchi in 2010, a major spike occurred in the price of kimchi ingredients and kimchi itself. Korean newspapers have labeled this a national tragedy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt2010_23-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-nyt2010-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> In response to the Kimchi price crisis, the South Korean government announced the temporary reducing of tariffs on imported cabbage to coincide with the Kimjang season.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EconomistOct72010_24-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi#cite_note-EconomistOct72010-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kimchi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span></h2><ul class="gallery"><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"> <div style="width: 155px;"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"> <div style="margin: 30px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_cuisine-Gimjang-Preparation_for_making_kimchi-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Korean_cuisine-Gimjang-Preparation_for_making_kimchi-01.jpg/120px-Korean_cuisine-Gimjang-Preparation_for_making_kimchi-01.jpg" width="120" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"> Preparation for making kimchi</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"> <div style="width: 155px;"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"> <div style="margin: 44px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_cuisine-Seongnyu_kimchi-Pomegranate_kimchi-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="62" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Korean_cuisine-Seongnyu_kimchi-Pomegranate_kimchi-01.jpg/120px-Korean_cuisine-Seongnyu_kimchi-Pomegranate_kimchi-01.jpg" width="120" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"> <i>Seongnyu kimchi</i> named after its pomegranate-like shape</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"> <div style="width: 155px;"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"> <div style="margin: 21px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koren_cuisine-Jang_kimchi-Pickled_with_soy_sauce-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="107" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Koren_cuisine-Jang_kimchi-Pickled_with_soy_sauce-01.jpg/120px-Koren_cuisine-Jang_kimchi-Pickled_with_soy_sauce-01.jpg" width="120" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"> <i>Jang kimchi</i>, pickled with soy sauce</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"> <div style="width: 155px;"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"> <div style="margin: 30px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_food-Packed_kimchi-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Korean_food-Packed_kimchi-01.jpg/120px-Korean_food-Packed_kimchi-01.jpg" width="120" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"> Displayed manufactured kimchi</div></div></li>
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<li><span class="q">Member Since: </span> Dec 2007<br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="company"></a><span class="q">Company: </span> <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=companies&kword=Sm+Entertainment%2C+Avex+Trax">Sm Entertainment</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=companies&kword=Sm+Entertainment%2C+Avex+Trax">Avex Trax</a><br />
</li>
<li><span class="q">Super Junior's URL: </span> <a href="http://profiles.friendster.com/suju13elf">http://profiles.friendster.com/suju13elf</a><br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="occupation"></a><span class="q">Occupation:</span><br />
dancers, singers, band<br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="affiliation"></a><span class="q">Affiliations:</span><br />
<a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=affiliations&kword=Super+Junior">Super Junior</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=affiliations&kword=SM+entertainment">SM entertainment</a><br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="favoritemovies"></a><span class="q">Favorite Movies:</span><br />
<a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=fmovies&kword=Attack+on+the+pin-up+boys">Attack on the pin-up boys</a><br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="favoritemusic"></a><span class="q">Favorite Music:</span><br />
<a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=fmusic&kword=their+songs+are+too+many+to+be+mention.....all+their+songs%21%21%21">their songs are too many to be mention.....all their songs!!!</a><br />
</li>
<li><a href="" name="favoritetv"></a><span class="q">Favorite TV Shows:</span><br />
<a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=KM%3A+Super+Junior+show">KM: Super Junior show</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Princess+diary">Princess diary</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Super+Adonis+Camp">Super Adonis Camp</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Idol+World...M.net%3A+Mystery+6">Idol World...M.net: Mystery 6</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Super+Junior+Mini+Drama">Super Junior Mini Drama</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Super+Summer...SBS%3A+Full+House">Super Summer...SBS: Full House</a>, <a href="http://www.friendster.com/search/user?ktype=ftv&kword=Sunday+is+good-+Explore+the+Human+Body...Channel+%5BV%5D%3A+Top+5%405">Sunday is good- Explore the Human Body...Channel [V]: Top 5@5</a><br />
</li>
<li><span class="q">About Me: </span><br />
<span style="color: #9999ff; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><br />
<b>Name</b>: 슈퍼주니어 Super Junior, previously known as SuperJunior05<br />
<b>Pronunciation</b>: shoo-puh-joo-nee-uh<br />
<b>Short form</b>: 슈주 Suju<br />
<b>Group Debut</b>: November 6, 2005 (broadcasted on SBS Inkigayo, ); they unofficially debuted with a dance-only / gag-skit event on September 11, 2005, but it wasn't aired until May 16, 2006 on a Special M.Net program called (said performance didn't feature: Kim Ryeowook — who joined the group at the last minute, nor Cho Kyuhyun — who was added in the middle of 2006)<br />
<b>Group Members</b>: 이특 Leeteuk | 희철 Heechul | 한긍 Han Geng or 한경 Hankyung | 예성 Yesung | 강인 Kangin | 신동 Shindong<br />
——————————-성민 Sungmin | 은혁 Eunhyuk | 시원 Siwon | 동해 Donghae | 려욱 Ryeowook | 기범 Kibum | 규현 Kyuhyun<br />
<b>Company & Management</b>: SM엔터테인먼트 SM Entertainment<br />
<b>Official Fanclub</b>: 엘프 E.L.F. (EverLasting Friends), established on June 2, 2006<br />
<b>Official Balloon Color</b>: 펄 사파이어 블루 Pearl Sapphire Blue<br />
<b>Official Korean Websites</b>: http://www.super-junior.co.kr (Super Junior, SM) | http://t.super-junior.co.kr (Super Junior - T, SM)<br />
<b>Official Foreign Websites</b>: http://www.avex.com.tw/superjunior (Super Junior, Avex Taiwan) | http://avexnet.or.jp/superjunior (Super Junior, Avex Japan)</span> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">"May be taken out with full and proper credits"</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #ff66cc; font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br />
1) LEETEUK (이특); LI TE -- 利 (merit) 特 (special) → Meritly Special<br />
2) HEECHUL (희철); XI CHE -- 希 (hope) 澈 (clear) → Hopeful<br />
3) HANKYUNG (한경); HAN GENG -- 韓 (surname) 庚 (age) → Heavenly Age<br />
4) YESUNG (예성); YI SHENG -- 藝 (art) 聲 (voice) → Art-like Voice<br />
5) KANGIN (강인); QIANG REN -- 強 (strength) 仁 (humaneness) → Humane Strength<br />
6) SHINDONG (신동); SHEN TONG -- 神 (god) 童 (child) → Prodigy<br />
7) SUNGMIN (성민); SHENG MIN -- 晟 (splendor) 敏 (keen) → Sharpness<br />
8) EUNHYUK (은혁); YIN HE -- 銀 (silver) 赫 (radiant) → Radiant Silver<br />
9) DONGHAE (동해); DONG HAI -- 東 (east) 海 (sea) → East Sea<br />
10) SIWON (시원); SHI YUAN -- 始 (begin) 源 (origin) → Origin<br />
11) RYEOWOOK (려욱); LI XU -- 厲 (severe) 旭 (sunrise) → Powerful Sunrise<br />
12) KIBUM (기범); QI FAN -- 起 (rise) 範 (rule) → Rising Law<br />
13) KYUHYUN (규현); GUI XIAN -- 圭 (jade tablet) 賢 (worthy) → Worthy Like Jade<br />
<br />
(edit 2008/05/10: Changed Ryeowook's name from "Sharp Brilliance" to "Powerful Sunrise" because it makes sense more, lol. And I believe 旭 is a word that leans more towards "sunrise" than "brilliance".)<br />
<br />
And just because I want to, the following are their romanized Cantonese names.<br />
<br />
1) LEETEUK → Lei Dak<br />
2) HEECHUL → Hae Chit<br />
3) HANKYUNG → Hon Gang<br />
4) YESUNG → Ngai Sing<br />
5) KANGIN → Keung Yan<br />
6) SHINDONG → San Tung<br />
7) SUNGMIN → Sing Man<br />
8) EUNHYUK → Ngan Haak<br />
9) DONGHAE → Dung Hoi<br />
10) SIWON → Chi Yun<br />
11) RYEOWOOK → Lai Yuk<br />
12) KIBUM → Hae Faan<br />
13) KYUHYUN → Gwai Yin</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">credits by <a href="http://blabby-lwy.livejournal.com/">blabby-Iwy</a></span> <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.sjthaigang.in-th.net/"><img alt="Super Junior thai" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/BANNER.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <a href="http://www.sapphire-sg.org/"><img alt="Super Junior sg" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/banner1.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <a href="http://superjuniortw.a.forumable.net/tc"><img alt="Super Junior elf tw" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/84e915b8.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <a href="http://sjbluecn.ifensi.com/"><img alt="Suju cn" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/logoqn2.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <a href="http://www.sujunesia.net/"><img alt="Sujunesia" src="http://i272.photobucket.com/albums/jj181/kaede10_2007/aff80x30dm3.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <a href="http://sapblue.co.nr/"><img alt="Suju Sapphireblue vn" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/sapblue1.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a><br />
</li>
<li><span class="q">Who I Want to Meet: </span><br />
<a href="http://s272.photobucket.com/albums/jj181/kaede10_2007/super%20junior/?action=view&current=SuJu.gif"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i272.photobucket.com/albums/jj181/kaede10_2007/super%20junior/SuJu.gif" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
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allowscriptaccess="never" allownetworking="internal" quality="high"
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</ul></div></div></div><div class="clearfix commonbox AppModule" id="1014_733842793"> <h2 id="moduleHeader"> <div class="moduleTitle">Super Junior's Guestbook</div><div class="moduleMenu"> <form action="http://www.friendster.com/widget_add.php" id="addwidget_form_1014_733842793" method="get"><input name="authcode" type="hidden" value="5b56977eaccc975f481b3e4e808ade" /><input name="uid" type="hidden" /><input name="api_key" type="hidden" value="605088d9f114df56f8b16acc08e5e376" /><input name="src" type="hidden" value="profile" /><input name="src_user_id" type="hidden" value="57964084" /><a class="grabLink" href="http://profiles.friendster.com/57964084">Grab</a> </form></div></h2><script>
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</script> <div class="clearfix commonbox scrapbook" id="10"> <h2 class="clearfix" id="moduleHeader"> <div class="moduleTitle">Super Junior's Media Box<a href="" name="10"></a><a href="" name="scrapbook"></a></div><div class="moduleMenu"></div></h2><script>
</script> <div id="content_10"> <div class="boxcontent"> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no1leeteuk.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no1leeteuk.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Leeteuk (이특/李 特)</b></span></span></div><span style="color: grey;">(이특 is actually pronounced Eeteuk)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Park Jungsu (박정수/朴 正 秀)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Angel without Wings (날개잃은천사), Gaeteuk (개특, <i>named by Heechul</i>), Special Leader (특별한리더), Peter Pan, Ori (오리 <i>aka Duck</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: July 1, 1983<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seoul (서울)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 178 cm/5' 10.1" in (real height 176 cm/5' 9.3" in or so he claims :))<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 59 kg/129.8 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: A<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: older sister Park Inyoung (1982)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Piano, Composition, Listening to music, Singing<br />
<b>Education:</b> Transferred from <a href="http://www.paekche.ac.kr/">Paekche Institute of the Arts</a> (백제예술대학) to <a href="http://www.inha.ac.kr/main.asp">Inha University</a> (인하대학교) <br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Leeteuk was wandering around lost in the streets of Seoul when an SM scout saw him and gave him a business card. He auditioned in 2000 and made his first appearance the same year as an extra sitting in an auditorium in MBC's "All About Eve." His stage name Eeteuk (이특) means "special."</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no2heechul.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no2heechul.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Heechul (희철/希 澈)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Kim Heechul (김희철/金 希 澈)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Heenim (희님), Cinderella (신데렐라), Flower (꽃), Kim Pink (김분홍), Kim Moodswing (김기복), Kim Cherry (<i>from Youngstreet</i>), Snake (<i>from the Zodiac</i>), Heerobbong (<i>part of the Bbong brothers with Donghae and U-Know Yunho</i>), Heebongie Hyung (<i>Yesung's nickname for Heechul</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: July 10, 1983<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: <a href="http://english.hsg.go.kr/main/">Hoengseong County</a>, Kangwondo (강원도 횡성군); grew up in Wonju, Kangwondo (강원도 원주) where his parents still reside<br />
<b>Height</b>: 179 cm/5' 10.5" in (stated in his 100Q/100A from August 26, 2007 that his height is actually 178 cm/5' 10.1")<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 60 kg/132 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: AB<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: older sister Kim Heejin (1982)<br />
<b>Pets</b>: Heebum (Russian Blue cat) since 11/11/06, Champagne (Siamese cat) since 7/26/08; used to have Yamchae (Russian Blue cat) given to him by fans from 7/13/05 to 11/3/05, but he ran away while Heechul was away for a few days filming.<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Writing poems, Writing fairy tales, Computer games<br />
<b>Education:</b> <a href="http://www.sangji.ac.kr/index.do">Sangji University</a> (상지대학교); reportedly graduated in 2008.<br />
<b>Official Website</b>: <a href="http://www.rellagyo.com/">http://www.rellagyo.com</a><br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=23645">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=23645</a><br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: On a whim, Heechul searched the internet for entertainment companies and it so happened that SM was having open auditions so he went with his friends to Seoul to sightsee/audition. Being unfamiliar with the area, he got lost and missed the open audition hours. They told him that it was too late, but according to him, took one look at his face and changed their minds :) He was allowed to audition and was cast through Starlight Casting System in October 2002. He debuted as an actor on March 6, 2005 through the youth drama KBS's "Banolim 2" as Baek Jinwoo.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no3hangeng.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no3hangeng.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Hangeng (한경/韩 庚)</b></span></span></div><span style="color: grey;">(lately they've been officially going by the Chinese pronunciation of his name, Han Geng, but in Korean it is pronounced Hankyung)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Han Geng (한긍/韩 庚)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Beijing Fried Rice (북경밥 <i>aka Bukkyungbap; came during "Full House," from Hangeng mispronouncing and Heechul mishearing</i> 볶음밥 <i>aka Bokkeumbap which just means fried rice in Korean</i>), Dragon (<i>from the Zodiac</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: February 9, 1984<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Mudanjiang in the <a href="http://www.hlj.gov.cn/">Hei Long Jiang</a> (黑龙江) Province, located in the northeastern part of China<br />
<b>Height</b>: 181 cm/5' 11.3"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 66 kg/145.2 lbs<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: B (<i>he originally thought he was O then A. It was only in summer 2006 that he found out that his blood type was B.</i>)<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: only child<br />
<b>Pets</b>: used to have Rong Rong (dog) which was given to him by fans for a little while in March-June 2007, but had to give him away because he wasn't home enough to take care of him; Mao Mao (<i>lives with Hankyung's parents in China</i>)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Chinese traditional dance, Ballet, Computer games<br />
<b>Education:</b> <a href="http://eng.cun.edu.cn/">Central University for Nationalities</a> (중앙민족대학교)<br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=262497">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=262497</a><br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Hangeng accompanied a friend who was auditioning at the H.O.T. CHINA Audition in 2001 and was talked into auditioning himself. He was chosen as a handful among 3000 who auditioned. He made his debut as a model in a fashion show F/W General idea by Bum Suk in May 2005.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no4yesung.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no4yesung.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Yesung (예성/藝 聲)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Kim Jongwoon (김종운/金 鐘 雲)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Cloud (구룸), Dog (<i>from the Zodiac</i>), Rabid Dog (광견; <i>Heechul's nickname for Yesung</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: August 24, 1984<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Chunahn, Choongchungnamdo (충청남도 천안)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 178 cm/5' 10.1"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 64 kg/140.8 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: AB<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: younger brother Kim Jongjin (1987)<br />
<b>Pets</b>: a turtle named Ttangkkoma (땅꼬마 <i>which means 'small runt'</i>) since 12/4/08; he mentioned on "Olnbam" that it cost him 200,000 won (~$150).<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Singing, Listening to music, Exercise<br />
<b>Education:</b> <a href="http://www.chungwoon.ac.kr/">Chungwoon University</a> (청운대학교), Broadcast Music major, possibly transferred to <a href="http://www.sunmoon.ac.kr/">Sunmoon University</a> (선문대학교); reportedly graduated in early 2009.<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Yesung won gold in the 1999 ChunAn Singing Contest. He was encouraged to audition for SM by his mother who secretly submitted his application without telling him. He auditioned for SM in 2001. His stage name Yesung (예성) is an acronym for <b>예</b>술가의 <b>성</b>대 which means "Vocal Chords of an Artist."</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no5kangin.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no5kangin.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Kangin (강인/强 仁)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Kim Youngwoon (김영운/金 英 雲)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Kang Kings (강깅쓰), Kkang (깡), Neoguri (너구리 <i>aka Racoon, named by Anya from "Full House"</i>), Ox (<i>from the Zodiac</i>), Youngchoon (영춘; <i>Heechul's nickname for Kangin, Heechul claims that this is Kangin's real first name</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: January 17, 1985<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seodaemoongoo, Seoul (서울 서대문구)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 180 cm/5' 10.9"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 70 kg/154 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: O<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: only child<br />
<b>Pets</b>: Gongju (공주 <i>which means Princess; it's a female Japanese Spitz, shown on ChinChin 11/7/08; the coordi noona told him that her eyes look just like his so he bought it</i>)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Acting, Singing, Exercise (kick boxing), Swimming<br />
<b>Education</b>: <a href="http://www.paekche.ac.kr/">Paekche Institute of the Arts</a> (백제예술대학) or (상명대 천안캠퍼스) Theater Arts<br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=253556">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=253556</a><br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Kangin was on a class field trip goofing off with his friends when an SM scout spotted him. He entered the 2002 <a href="http://style.iple.com/pages/istyle.sm?fpnum=15368369">SM Youth Best Contest</a> (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and won first place for Best Outward Appearance. He made his debut as a panelist on SBS "One Night's TV Entertainment (한밤의 TV연예)" in 2004. His stage name Kangin (강인) means "strong benevolence." He is known for his physical strength.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no6shindong.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no6shindong.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Shindong (신동/申 東 or 神 童)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Shin Donghee (신동희/申 東 熙)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Dongri Dong Dong (<i>from Ppo Ppo Ppo</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: September 28, 1985<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Ilsan, KyungGido (경기도 일산)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 178 cm/5' 10.1"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 90 kg/198 lb (he stated on his minihompy that he started his current diet at 103 kg/227 lb. Shindong stated during an interview during the Super Show in Shanghai that at one point, he had lost up to 19 kg, but that he had gained 4 kg back so he's lost a total of 15 kg - 11/22/08)<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: O<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: only child<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Making facial expressions, Making jokes, Dancing<br />
<b>Education</b>: <a href="http://www.paekche.ac.kr/">Paekche Institute of the Arts</a> (백제예술대학)<br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=197078">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=197078</a><br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Prior to joining SM, Shindong won the 2002 and 2003 Goyangshi Youth Dance contest (Grand Prize in 2002 and Gold Prize in 2003) and the 2004 Mnet Epi Contest (Gold Prize and Popularity Award). He entered the 2005 <a href="http://style.iple.com/pages/istyle.sm?fpnum=15368369">SM Youth Best Contest</a> (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and won first place for Best Comedian and Grand Prize overall. Shindong made his debut the same year as the MC for DBSK's Sweet Rose Party. He owns a scooter which he calls Kkoolie (꿀이 which is equivalent to "Oinkie" since in Korea "kkool" is the sound pigs make) and often goes riding with Sungmin, with whom he also shares a love of photography. His stage name Shindong (신동), originally comes from his last name and first character of his first name (申 東), but they often take a different meaning to his name, 神 童 which means "prodigy" and is aptly named since Shindong is known for his numerous creative abilities.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no7sungmin.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no7sungmin.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Sungmin (성민/成 民)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Lee Sungmin (이성민/李 成 民)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Sweet Pumpkin (단호박 <i>comes from his line in a one-episode drama called "Sea of sisters"</i>), Minimi (미니미)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: January 1, 1986<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seoul (서울)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 175 cm/5' 8.9"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 57 kg/125.4 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: A<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: younger brother Lee Sungjin<br />
<b>Pets</b>: Ari (Yorkshire Terrier dog, name means "Fighting" in Korean. This isn't the same dog that he looked after for a month on "Animal Farm." That Ari was adopted by another family.)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Chinese martial arts, Acting, Watching movies, Playing instruments<br />
<b>Education</b>: Transferred from <a href="http://sce.seoularts.ac.kr/">Seoul Arts University</a> (서울예대학교); currently a student at <a href="http://www.mju.ac.kr/home/index.jsp">Myongji University</a> (명지대학교)<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Sungmin entered the 2001 <a href="http://style.iple.com/pages/istyle.sm?fpnum=15368369">SM Youth Best Contest</a> (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and jointly along with Donghae won first place for Best Outward Appearance. He debuted on SBS "Showdown of the Century (세기의 대결)," a show that showcased various SM trainees, hosted by Kangta and Moon Heejun of H.O.T. in 2002. He owns a scooter which he calls Byul (별 which means Star) and often goes riding with Shindong, with whom he also shares a love of photography.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no8eunhyuk.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no8eunhyuk.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Eunhyuk (은혁/銀 赫)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Lee Hyukjae (이혁재/李 赫 在)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Jewel Guy (보석미남), Monkey (<i>from the Zodiac</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: April 4, 1986<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Ilsan, KyungGido (경기도 일산)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 176 cm/5' 9.3" (mentioned on Yashimmanman that his real height was +/- 2 cm so 174 cm/5' 8.5" :))<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 58 kg/127.6 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: O<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: older sister Lee Sora (1984)<br />
<b>Pets</b>: Choco (<i>lives with his parents</i>)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Dancing (all genres), Exercising, Listening to music<br />
<b>Education</b>: Currently a student at <a href="http://www.pcu.ac.kr/">Pai Chai University</a> (배재대학교)<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Eunhyuk entered SM in 2000. His best friend since elementary school is DBSK's Xiah Junsu. They went to the same school and due to their mutual love of dancing, they became dance partners and best friends. He, like Sungmin, debuted on SBS "Showdown of the Century (세기의 대결)," a show that showcased various SM trainees, hosted by Kangta and Moon Heejun of H.O.T. in 2002. His stage name was created because there is a well-known Korean comedian who has the same name. He decided to add an Eun which means "silver" thus the precious jewel of his nickname to the first part of his name deriving Eunhyuk.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no9donghae.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no9donghae.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Donghae (동해/東 海)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Lee Donghae (이동해/李 東 海)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Fishy (물고기, <i>it's actually just "fish" but because of how Koreans pronounce it, it became "Fishy" to international fans</i>), Donghae Bada (동해바다, East Sea), Pinocchio (<i>named by Heechul</i>), Dorobbong (<i>part of the Bbong brothers with Heechul and U-Know Yunho</i>), Tiger (<i>from the Zodiac</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: October 15, 1986<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Mokpo, Jeollanamdo (전라남도 목포)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 175 cm/5' 8.9"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 60 kg/132 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: A<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: older brother Donghwa<br />
<b>Pets</b>: Bada (Bichon Maltese dog, name comes from Donghae's name East Sea, thus Bada meaning "Sea"), Meo (Bichon Maltese dog, name is short for "Romeo")<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Dancing, Exercise, Singing, Watching movies<br />
<b>Education</b>: Currently a student at <a href="http://www.mju.ac.kr/home/index.jsp">Myongji University</a> (명지대학교)<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Donghae was encouraged to become a singer by his father, who had wanted to pursue singing as a youth, but was never able to. He was a member of the Starlight Academy and jointly with Sungmin won first place in 2001 <a href="http://style.iple.com/pages/istyle.sm?fpnum=15368369">SM Youth Best Contest</a> (청소년 베스트 선발대회) for Best Outward Appearance. His real name Donghae means "East Sea" and thus a lot of his nicknames derive from this.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no10siwon.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no10siwon.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Siwon (시원/始 源)</b></span></span></div><span style="color: grey;">(시원 which is actually pronounced Shiwon)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Choi Siwon (최시원/崔 始 源)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Simba (<i>named by Heechul</i>), Horse (<i>from the Zodiac</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: February 10, 1987 (I've never directly heard Shiwon or any or the members mention this, but according to some, Shiwon's real birthday is April 7, 1986. They claim that his parents registered his birth late so in official documents, his birthday is listed as February 10. However, February 10 is the birthday he officially celebrates so...)<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seoul (서울)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 183 cm/6'<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 65 kg/143 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: B<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: younger sister Choi Jiwon<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Singing, Dancing, Acting, Taekwondo, Chinese (language), Playing drums<br />
<b>Official Website</b>: <a href="http://www.onlysiwon.com/">http://www.onlysiwon.com</a><br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=3392">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=3392</a><br />
<b>Education:</b> Currently a student at <a href="http://www.inha.ac.kr/main.asp">Inha University</a> (인하대학교), Physical Education major <br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Siwon was spotted by an SM scout during his junior high graduation. Against the objections of his father and much struggle, he joined SM in 2003 and made his debut in Dana's MV "What is Love" in October 2003.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no11ryewook.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no11ryewook.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Ryeowook (려욱/麗 旭)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Kim Ryeowook (김려욱/金 麗 旭)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Eternal Mangnae (만년막내 literally means "for 10,000 years, the youngest")<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: June 21, 1987<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Inchon (인천)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 173 cm/5' 8.1"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 58 kg/127.6 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: O<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: only child<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Singing, Composition<br />
<b>Education:</b> Currently a student at <a href="http://www.inha.ac.kr/main.asp">Inha University</a> (인하대학교), Theater Arts major <br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Ryeowook won first place in a singing contest on MBC FM radio's ‘별이 빛나는 밤에 (Starry Night)’ which lead him to enter the 2004 <a href="http://www.ccsf.co.kr/">CMB ChinChin Star Festival</a> (CMB 친친 청소년가요제) where he won Silver Award. He was a devout fan of the female pop group S.E.S. and was a member of their official fanclub. </span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no12kibum.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no12kibum.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Kibum (기범/基 范)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Kim Kibum (김기범/金 基 范)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Snow White (<i>named by Heechul</i>), Yangban Kim (<i>named by Heechul</i>)<br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: August 21, 1987<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seoul (서울)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 179 cm/5' 10.5" (stated on Yashimmanman that his real height was 177 cm/5' 9.7")<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 58 kg/127.6 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: A<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: younger sister Kim Saehee<br />
<b>Official Website</b>: <a href="http://actorkibum.smtown.com/">http://www.actorkibum.smtown.com</a><br />
<b>Soompi Thread</b>: <a href="http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=24763">http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=24763</a><br />
<b>Education:</b> Unknown<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Kibum was spotted walking around during a Korean Festival in LA by a SM scout and joined SM in 2002. He made his first appearance in the KBS2 drama "April Kiss" in 2004 as the younger version of the main character.</span></span> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://s259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/?action=view&current=no13kyuhyun.jpg"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i259.photobucket.com/albums/hh283/kaedeyuuki10/no13kyuhyun.jpg" style="border-bottom: 0px solid; border-left: 0px solid; border-right: 0px solid; border-top: 0px solid;" /></a> <blockquote></blockquote><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #0000bf;"><b>Kyuhyun (규현/奎 賢)</b></span></span></div><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;"><span style="color: #66ccff;"><b>Real Name</b>: Cho Kyuhyun (조규현/趙 奎 賢)<br />
<b>Nickname(s)</b>: Kim Kyu (김규, <i>named by Heechul</i>), Game Kyu (겜규) , Jumong Kyu (주몽규) , Chic Kyu (시크규) <br />
<b>Date of Birth</b>: February 3, 1988<br />
<b>Place of Birth</b>: Seoul (서울)<br />
<b>Height</b>: 180 cm/5' 10.9"<br />
<b>Weight</b>: 68 kg/149.6 lb<br />
<b>Blood Type</b>: A<br />
<b>Siblings</b>: older sister Cho Ara (1985)<br />
<b>Specialty/Hobby</b>: Singing, Listening to music, Watching movies<br />
<b>Education:</b> Currently a student at <a href="http://www.khu.ac.kr/main/index.html">Kyunghee University</a> (경희대학교), Post Modern Music major<br />
<b>Misc. Info.</b>: Kyuhyun won Bronze Award at the 2005 <a href="http://www.ccsf.co.kr/">CMB ChinChin Star Festival</a> (CMB 친친 청소년가요제).</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">"May be taken out with full and proper credits"</span></div></div></div>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-24659362496139875762011-04-29T21:47:00.000-07:002011-04-30T00:39:35.520-07:00Korean Food: Bulgogi (Korean BBQ) (불고기)<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">Bulgogi</h1><!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent --> <div id="bodyContent"><!-- tagline --> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div><!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle --> <div id="contentSub"></div><!-- /subtitle --><!-- jumpto --> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#p-search">search</a> </div><!-- /jumpto --><!-- bodytext --> <table cellspacing="5" class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Bulgogi</th></tr>
<tr class=""> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.cuisine-Bulgogi-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Korean.cuisine-Bulgogi-01.jpg/220px-Korean.cuisine-Bulgogi-01.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Korean name</th></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul">Hangul</a></th> <td class=""><span style="font-size: 115%;"><span lang="ko-Hang" xml:lang="ko-Hang">불고기</span></span></td></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th> <td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">bulgogi</span></td></tr>
<tr class=""> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th> <td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">pulgogi</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><i><b>Bulgogi</b></i> (<small>Korean pronunciation: </small><span class="IPA" title="Pronunciation in IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Korean" title="Wikipedia:IPA for Korean">[bulɡoɡi]</a></span>) is a Korean dish that usually consists of marinated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">barbecued</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef">beef</a>, although chicken or pork may also be used.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_doosan_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_doosan-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctoggle">[<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#Preparation_and_serving"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Preparation and serving</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#In_modern_culture"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">In modern culture</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a> </li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgogi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2><i>Bulgogi</i> literally means "fire meat" in Korean, which refers to the cooking technique—over an open flame—rather than the dish's spiciness. The term is also applied to variations such as <i>dak bulgogi</i> (made with chicken) or <i>dwaeji bulgogi</i> (made with pork), although the seasonings are different.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgogi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><i>Bulgogi</i> is believed to have originated during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> era (37 BC–668 AD) when it was originally called <i>maekjeok</i> (맥적), with the beef being grilled on a skewer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> It was called <i>neobiani</i> (너비아니), meaning "thinly spread" meat,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_doosan_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_doosan-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty">Joseon Dynasty</a> and was traditionally prepared especially for the king.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_doosan_0-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_doosan-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_hanwoo_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_hanwoo-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgogi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation and serving">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Preparation_and_serving">Preparation and serving</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgogi_cooked.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="239" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bulgogi_cooked.jpg/220px-Bulgogi_cooked.jpg" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgogi_cooked.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i>Bulgogi</i> being cooked in a pan</div></div></div><i>Bulgogi</i> is made from thin slices of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirloin" title="Sirloin">sirloin</a> or other prime <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuts_of_beef" title="Cuts of beef">cuts of beef</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Before cooking the meat is <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinated" title="Marinated">marinated</a> to enhance its flavour and tenderness, with a mixture of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_oil">sesame oil</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic">garlic</a> and other ingredients such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallions" title="Scallions">scallions</a>, or mushrooms, especially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus_bisporus" title="Agaricus bisporus">white button mushrooms</a> or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiitake">shiitake</a></i>. Sometimes, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane_noodles">cellophane noodles</a> are added to the dish, which varies by region and specific recipe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_doosan_0-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_doosan-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<i>Bulgogi</i> is traditionally <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilling" title="Grilling">grilled</a>, but <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pans" title="Pans">pan</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking">cooking</a> is common as well. Whole cloves of garlic, sliced onions, and chopped <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_pepper" title="Green pepper">green peppers</a> are often grilled or fried with the meat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_doosan_0-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_doosan-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> This dish is sometimes served with a side of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettuce">lettuce</a> or other <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leafy_vegetable" title="Leafy vegetable">leafy vegetable</a>, which is used to wrap a slice of cooked meat, often along with a dab of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssamjang">ssamjang</a></i>, or other side dishes, and then eaten as a whole.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bulgogi_hanwoo_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-bulgogi_hanwoo-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgogi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In modern culture">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="In_modern_culture">In modern culture</span></h2><i>Bulgogi</i> is served in barbecue restaurants in South Korea and there are <i>bulgogi</i> flavoured fast-food <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a> sold at many Korean fast-food restaurants. The hamburger patty is marinated in <i>bulgogi</i> sauce and served with lettuce, tomato, onion, and sometimes cheese. It is similar to a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teriyaki#Teriyaki_burger" title="Teriyaki">teriyaki burger</a> in flavour.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgogi#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulgogi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid; border-left: #aaa 1px solid; border-right: #aaa 1px solid; border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" /></td> <td class="mbox-text">Wikimedia Commons has media related to: <i><b><a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bulgogi" title="commons:Special:Search/Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid; border-left: #aaa 1px solid; border-right: #aaa 1px solid; border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" height="40" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" width="40" /></td> <td class="mbox-text">Wikibooks <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bulgogi" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Bulgogi">Bulgogi</a></b></i></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_barbecue">Korean barbecue</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbi">Galbi</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_cuisine">Korean cuisine</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_variations_of_barbecue">Regional variations of barbecue</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakiniku">Yakiniku</a> </li>
</ul></div><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/GtVEasGxGpM?fs=1" width="425"></iframe>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-5093071559500914262011-04-29T21:29:00.000-07:002011-04-30T00:42:53.441-07:00Girls` Generation(소녀시대) _ Gee _ MusicVideo<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/U7mPqycQ0tQ?fs=1" width="425"></iframe><br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="5" class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr><th class="fn org" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Girls' Generation</th></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg" title="Girls' Generation perform in PaekSang Arts Awards - Left to right : Hyoyeon, Tiffany, Jessica, Sooyoung, Yoona, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Sunny and Yuri."><img alt="" height="137px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg/300px-090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg" width="300px" /></a><br />
Girls' Generation perform in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaekSang_Arts_Awards"><span style="color: #0645ad;">PaekSang Arts Awards</span></a> - Left to right : Hyoyeon, Tiffany, Jessica, Sooyoung, Yoona, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Sunny and Yuri.</td></tr>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Background information</th></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Also known as</th><td class="nickname">SNSD (<span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">소녀시대</span>),<br />
SoShi (<span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">소시</span>),<br />
Shōjo Jidai (<span lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">少女時代</span>),<br />
<i>Shàonǚ Shídài</i> (<span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant">少女時代</span>, <span lang="zh-hans" xml:lang="zh-hans">少女时代</span>),<br />
<i>Síunéuih Sìhdoih</i></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Origin</th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seoul</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">South Korea</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Genres</span></a></th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance-pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">dance-pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">teen pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubblegum_pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bubblegum pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electropop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">electropop</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Years active</th><td class="">2007 – present</td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Labels</span></a></th><td class=""><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Entertainment" title="SM Entertainment"><span style="color: #0645ad;">SM Entertainment</span></a> (South Korea)<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayutawave_Records" title="Nayutawave Records"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Nayutawave Records</span></a> (Japan) (2010-present)<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avex_Group"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Avex Group</span></a> (2007-2010)<br />
United Asia Management</td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Associated acts</th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Town"><span style="color: #0645ad;">SM Town</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Website</th><td class=""><a class="external text" href="http://girlsgeneration.smtown.com/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official website</span></a><br />
<a class="external text" href="http://www.girls-generation.jp/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official Japanese website</span></a><br />
<a class="external text" href="http://www.avex.com.tw/girlsgeneration/version06/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official Taiwanese website</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Members</th></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taeyeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Taeyeon</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_(entertainer)" title="Jessica (entertainer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jessica</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_(singer)" title="Sunny (singer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sunny</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_(Korean_singer)" title="Tiffany (Korean singer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tiffany</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoyeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hyoyeon</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwon_Yuri" title="Kwon Yuri"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Yuri</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooyoung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sooyoung</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoona"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Yoona</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seohyun"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seohyun</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-63547534758723882982011-04-29T21:17:00.000-07:002011-04-30T00:45:26.479-07:00Korean Taekwondo Video<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/rEhkwwLh7_g?fs=1" width="425"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<div id="column-content" style="float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: -0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 1135px;"><div id="content" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: initial; color: black; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.8em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; z-index: 2;"><h1 class="firstHeading" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">Taekwondo</h1><div id="bodyContent"><h3 id="siteSub" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;"><a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/index.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection</a>. Related subjects: <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/index/subject.Everyday_life.Sports.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;">Sports</a></h3><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><table class="infobox" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: 0.9em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: 23em;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11361.png.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Taekwondo.svg"><img alt="" border="0" height="126" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11361.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="50" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #ccccff; font-size: larger; vertical-align: top;">Taekwondo</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11363.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Taekwondo Fight 01.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" height="300" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11363.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
<small>A WTF taekwondo sparring match</small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Also known as</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Taekwon-Do, Tae Kwon-Do, Tae Kwon Do</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Focus</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Striking</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Country of origin</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="flagicon"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11365.png.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Flag of Korea"><img alt="Flag of Korea" border="0" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11365.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea">Korea</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Olympic Sport</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Since 2000 ( WTF regulations)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="infobox bordered" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: 20em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; line-height: 1.3em; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: top;">Taekwondo</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><table class="infobox bordered" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fafafa; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: 247px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 0.95em; padding-right: 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 11em;">Hangul</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-left: 3px; vertical-align: top;"><span lang="ko-Hang" style="font-family: inherit;" xml:lang="ko-Hang">태권도</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 0.95em; padding-right: 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 11em;">Hanja</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-left: 3px; vertical-align: top;"><span lang="ko-Hani" style="font-family: inherit;" xml:lang="ko-Hani">跆拳道</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 0.95em; padding-right: 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 11em;">Revised Romanization</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-left: 3px; vertical-align: top;">Taegwondo</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 0.95em; padding-right: 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 11em;">McCune-Reischauer</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-left: 3px; vertical-align: top;">T'aekwŏndo</td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Taekwondo</b> <small>IPA</small>: <span class="IPA" style="font-family: inherit;" title="Pronunciation in IPA">/tаɪkwɒndoʊ/</span>) is a <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Korea">Korean</a> martial art and combat sport. Taekwondo is the national sport of <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/South_Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> andsparring, <i>kyeorugi</i>, is an <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/o/Olympic_Games.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> sporting event. In Korean <i>hanja</i>, <i>tae</i> (跆) means to destroy with the feet; <i>kwon</i> (拳) means "fist"; and<i>do</i> (道) means "path" or "way". Hence, <i>taekwondo</i> is loosely translated as "the way of the foot and fist".</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taekwondo's popularity has resulted in the divergent evolution of the martial art. As with many other martial arts, taekwondo is a combination of combat techniques, self-defense, <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Sport.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Sport">sport</a>, exercise, and <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/p/Philosophy.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although there are great doctrinal and technical differences among taekwondo organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, using the leg's greater reach and power to disable the opponent from a distance. In sparring, turning,front, reverse turning, and side kicks are often used, as well as the backfist and reverse punch; advanced kicks include jumping, spinning, sliding, and skipping kicks, often in combination. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="History" name="History" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The oldest Korean martial art was an amalgamation of unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean kingdoms ofGoguryeo, Silla and Baekje. Young men were trained in unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The most popular of these techniques was <i>subak</i>, with <i>taekkyeon</i> being the most popular of the segments of <i>subak</i>.</div><div class="thumb tleft" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 192px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11367.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Taekwondo practitioners demonstrating their techniques."><img alt="Taekwondo practitioners demonstrating their techniques." border="0" class="thumbimage" height="239" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11367.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="190" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11367.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Taekwondo practitioners demonstrating their techniques.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">As the Goguryeo <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/m/Monarchy.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Monarchy">kingdom</a> grew in power, the neighboring Silla kingdom became comparatively weaker, and an effort was undertaken among the Silla to develop a corps of special warriors. The Silla had a regular army but its military training techniques were less advanced than those of the Goguryeo, and its soldiers were generally of a lesser caliber. The Silla selected young men, some as young as twelve, and trained them in the liberal arts. Those who demonstrated strong natural aptitude were selected as trainees in the new special warrior corps, called the Hwarang. It was believed that young men with a talent for the liberal arts may have the grace to become competent warriors. These warriors were instructed in academics as well as martial arts, learning philosophy, history, a code of ethics, and equestrian sports. Their military training included an extensive weapons program involving swordsmanship and archery, both on horseback and on foot, as well as lessons in military tactics and unarmed combat using<i>subak</i>. Although <i>subak</i> was a leg-oriented art in Goguryeo, Silla's influence added hand techniques to the practice of <i>subak</i>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and traditional martial arts, Korean martial arts faded into obscurity during the Joseon Dynasty. Korean society became highly centralized under Korean Confucianism and martial arts were lowly regarded in a society whose ideals were epitomized by its scholar-kings. Formal practices of traditional martial arts such as <i>subak</i> and <i>taekkyeon</i> were reserved for sanctioned military uses. However folk practice of taekkyeon as a kicking game still persisted into the 19th century.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Modern_Taekwondo" name="Modern_Taekwondo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Modern Taekwondo</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), the practice of <i>taekkyeon</i> was banned. Although the art essentially vanished, some aspects of <i>taekkyeon</i> may have survived through underground teaching and folk custom. As the Japanese colonization established a firm foothold in Korea, the few Koreans who were able to attend Japanese universities were exposed to Okinawan and Japanese martial arts, and some received black belts in these arts. Koreans in <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/China.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="China">China</a> were also exposed toChinese martial arts.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">After World War II and the liberation of Korea, several Kwans (schools) arose. They included:Chung Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Jidokwan (or Yun Moo Kwan), Chang Moo Kwan, Han Moo Kwan,Oh Do Kwan, Jung Do Kwan, Kang Duk Won, and Song Moo Kwan. All taught Japanese-influenced systems. Most were based on Japanese Karate, most notabaly Shotokan Karate. As these arts began to be taught openly by Koreans who had learned it in Japan, they were taught under such names as <i>kongsudo</i> and <i>tangsudo</i>. According to Steven D. Capener:</div><blockquote style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 1.6em; margin-top: 1em;"><div style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">This process of development can be broadly outlined as follows: Japanese karate called kongsudo or tangsudo was introduced to Korea just after liberation from Japan by Koreans who had learned karate in Japan. Upon returning, these Koreans opened karate gymnasiums promoting what they were teaching as karate, much like the process followed by the early Judo instructors. Well after these schools became established, the need to "Koreanize" was felt. The process of Koreanization consisted of three main aspects. The first was the selection of a new, non-Japanese name. The second was the creation of a system of techniques and training which was distinctly different from that of karate, and the third was the attempt to establish t'aegwondo's existence and development within the historical flow of Korean civilization.</div></blockquote><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The liberation of Korea also brought renewed interest in indigenous arts. Song Duk-ki gave a taekkyon demonstration for Republic of Korea President Syngman Rhee. Korean nationalism led to the development of a new, clearly Korean art from the Japanese Karate base, influenced by memories of past Korean martial arts and by a desire to create an art that could be practiced as a competitive sport.,</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">By the end of the Korean War, nine schools of martial arts had emerged, and <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/South_Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> President Syngman Rhee ordered that the various schools unify under a single system. A governmental body selected a naming committee's submission of "tae-kwon-do". Following the submission of the name "taekwondo" on April 11, 1955 by General Choi Hong Hi, the name was unanimously accepted. the Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed in 1959 to facilitate the unification. Shortly thereafter, taekwondo made its debut worldwide. Standardization efforts in <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/South_Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> stalled, as the <i>kwan</i>s continued to teach differing styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification resulted in the formation of the Korea Tae Soo Do Association, which changed its name back to the Korean Taekwondo Association in 1965 following a change of leadership.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">General Choi Hong Hi was the author of the first English taekwondo syllabus book, entitled "Taekwon-Do" and published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965 . General Choi later founded the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) on March 22nd <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/1966.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="1966">1966</a> in Seoul, South Korea. Choi had studied Korean martial arts when young and earned a black belt in Shotokan karate in Japan. Subsequently, Choi fell out of favour with the authorities in South Korea and moved his organization to Canada in 1972. It is also worth noting that he is regarded by ITF taekwondo practitioners as the founder of taekwondo.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/1972.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="1972">1972</a>, the Korea Taekwondo Association Central Dojang was opened. A few months later, the name was changed to the Kukkiwon. The following year, the World Taekwondo Federation was formed. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF and taekwondo sparring in <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/1/1980.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="1980">1980</a>, and the sport was accepted as a demonstration event at the 1988 Seoul and the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympic Games. It became an official medal event as of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Taekwondo is one of two Asian martial arts (<a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/j/Judo.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">judo</a> being the other) in the <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/o/Olympic_Games.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The WTF operates internationally, and taekwondo is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. Although competition has always been a significant feature of taekwondo, many practitioners study taekwondo for personal development, to learn self-defense, or for a combination of reasons.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Organizations" name="Organizations" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Organizations</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The largest taekwondo organizations are the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). The WTF is headquartered in <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/South_Korea.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and was founded in 1973 by a group of various national taekwondo teams. Its purpose is to coordinate international competition events under the rules of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although the terms "WTF" and "Kukkiwon" are often mistakenly used interchangeably to refer to this organization, the Kukkiwon is a completely different organization which trains and certifies instructors and issues official <i>dan</i> and <i>pum</i> certificates worldwide. The Kukkiwon has its own unique physical building that contains the administrative offices of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) in Seoul, South Korea. The Kukkiwon was founded in 1972.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The unofficial training headquarters of the International Taekwondo Federation is located at the Taekwondo Palace located in Pyongyang, North Korea and was founded in the mid-1990s. Today, the International Taekwondo Federation is splintered into three different groups, all claiming to be the original. The three are located in Austria, Canada and North Korea.</div><div class="thumb tleft" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 227px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11369.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Four concrete paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. Breaking techniques are often practiced in taekwondo."><img alt="Four concrete paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. Breaking techniques are often practiced in taekwondo." border="0" class="thumbimage" height="206" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11369.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="225" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11369.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Four concrete paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. Breaking techniques are often practiced in taekwondo.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Aside from the World Taekwondo Federation and the International Taekwondo Federation, there are many other organizations. These include the American Taekwondo Federation (ATF), the American Taekwondo Association (ATA), the International Progressive Taekwondo Federation (IPTF), the Taekwondo Association of Great Britain (TAGB), and so on. These private organizations require that students belong to a member club or school. Events and competitions held by private organizations are mostly closed to other Taekwondo students. However, the WTF-sanctioned events allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete in World Taekwondo Federation events as long as he or she is a member of the WTF Member National Association in his or her nation, which is open to anyone to join. The major technical differences among these many organizations revolve around the patterns, called <i>hyeong</i> 형, <i>pumsae</i> 품새, or <i>teul</i> 틀, sets of prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture, positioning, and technique, sparring rules for competition (e.g. ITF light-contact versus WTF full-contact), and philosophy.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In addition to these private organizations, the original schools (<i> kwans</i>) that formed the organization that would eventually become the Kukkiwon continue to exist as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the WTF and the Kukkiwon. The official curriculum of the <i>kwans</i> is that of the Kukkiwon. The <i>kwans</i> also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon <i>dan</i> and <i>pum</i>certification (black belt ranks) for their members. Each <i>kwan</i> has its own individual pledge of tenets and manners that describes the organization's goals for personal improvement. For example, the tenets of Oh Do Kwan and the ITF are: courtesy (<i>ye-ui</i> 예의), integrity (<i>yom-chi</i> 염치), perseverance (<i>in-nae</i> 인내), self-control (<i>geuk-gi</i> 극기), and indomitable spirit (<i>baek-jeol-bul-gul</i> 백절불굴). The<i>Jidokwan</i> manners are: view, feel, think, speak, order, contribute, have ability, and conduct rightly.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some organizations also recognize one or two additional tenets beyond the five original Oh Do Kwan tenets; these are community service (<i>sa-hui-bong-sa</i> 사회봉사) and love (<i>sa-rang</i> 사랑).</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Features" name="Features" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Features</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 227px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11371.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Stretching to increase flexibility is an important aspect of taekwondo training."><img alt="Stretching to increase flexibility is an important aspect of taekwondo training." border="0" class="thumbimage" height="169" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11371.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="225" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11371.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Stretching to increase flexibility is an important aspect of taekwondo training.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taekwondo is famed for its use of kicking techniques, which distinguishes it from martial arts such as karate or southern styles of kung fu. The rationale is that the leg is the longest and strongest weapon a martial artist has, and kicks thus have the greatest potential to execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taekwondo as a sport and exercise is popular with people of both sexes and of many ages. Physically, taekwondo develops strength, speed, balance, flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical discipline is the breaking of boards, which requires both physical mastery of the technique and the concentration to focus one's strength.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">A taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (<i>dobok</i> 도복), often white but sometimes black or other colors, with a belt (<i>tti</i> 띠) tied around the waist. The belt indicates the student's rank. The school or place where instruction is given is called the <i>dojang</i> 도장.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Although each taekwondo club or school will be different, a taekwondo student can typically expect to take part in most or all of the following:</div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://schools-wikipedia.org/css/bullet.gif); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Learning the techniques and curriculum of taekwondo</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Both anaerobic and aerobic workout, including stretching</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Self-defense techniques (<i>hosinsul</i> 호신술)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Patterns (also called forms, <i>pumse</i> 품새, <i>teul</i> 틀, <i>hyeong</i> 형)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sparring (called <i>kyeorugi</i> 겨루기, or <i>matseogi</i> 맞서기 in the ITF), which may include 3-, 2- and 1-step sparring, free-style, arranged, and point sparring, and other types</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Relaxation and meditation exercises</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Falling techniques</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Breaking (using techniques to break boards for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Exams to progress to the next rank</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A focus on mental and ethical discipline, justice, etiquette, respect, and self-confidence</li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Some taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of pressure points, known as <i>ji ap sul</i> as well as grabbing self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as Hapkido and <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/j/Judo.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Judo">Judo</a>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Ranks.2C_belts.2C_and_promotion" name="Ranks.2C_belts.2C_and_promotion" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Ranks, belts, and promotion</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taekwondo ranks are separated into "junior" and "senior" or "student" and "instructor" sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks indicated by the Korean word<i>geup</i> 급 (also Romanized as <i>gup</i> or <i>kup</i>). The junior ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school, so these ranks are sometimes called "colour belts". <i>Geup</i> rank may be indicated by stripes on belts rather than by colored belts. Students begin at tenth <i>geup</i> (usually indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first <i>geup</i>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The senior section is made up nine full ranks of black belt along with an honorary tenth degree which you can be voted into after your death. Each rank known by the Korean word <i>dan</i> 단, also referred to as "black belts" and "degrees" (as in "third <i>dan</i>" or "third-degree black belt"). Black belts begin at first degree and advance to second, third, and so on. The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned regardless of rank.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">To advance from one rank to the next, students typically complete promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various aspects of the art before a panel of judges. Promotion tests vary from school to school, but may include such elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in specific sequences; the breaking of boards, to demonstrate the ability to use techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense, to demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; and answering questions on terminology, concepts, history, and so on, to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the art. Students are sometimes required to take a written test or to submit a research paper in addition to taking the practical test.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Promotion from one <i>geup</i> to the next can proceed fairly rapidly, since schools often allow <i>geup</i> promotions every two, three, or four months. Students of <i>geup</i> rank learn the most basic techniques first, then move on to more advanced techniques as they approach first <i>dan</i>.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In contrast, promotion from one <i>dan</i> to the next can take years. The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the rank. For example, a newly-promoted third-degree black belt may not be allowed to promote to fourth-degree until three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related to <i>dan</i> promotions, and may grant younger students <i>pum</i> 품 (junior black belt) ranks rather than <i>dan</i> ranks until they reach a certain age. <i>Dan</i> ranks usually have titles associated with them, such as "master" and "instructor". However, these titles and their associations with specific ranks vary among schools and organizations.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The two main Taekwondo organizations have their own rules and standards when it comes to ranks and the titles that go with them; for details, see Kukkiwon and International Taekwondo Federation.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Competition" name="Competition" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Competition</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11373.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Kicks to the head are common in taekwondo sparring."><img alt="Kicks to the head are common in taekwondo sparring." border="0" class="thumbimage" height="189" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11373.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11373.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Kicks to the head are common in taekwondo sparring.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns, and/or self-defense (<i>hosinsul</i>). However, in Olympic taekwondo competition, only sparring is contested; and in Olympic sparring the WTF competition rules are used. These rules are available at the WTF website.</div><div class="thumb tleft" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 182px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11375.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Taekwondo sparring match in Madrid (Spain)."><img alt="Taekwondo sparring match in Madrid (Spain)." border="0" class="thumbimage" height="241" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11375.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="180" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11375.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Taekwondo sparring match in Madrid (Spain).</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">Under WTF and Olympic rules, sparring takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 10 meters square. Each match or bout consists of three non-stop rounds of contact with rest between rounds. Colored belts fight in 1-minute rounds with a 30-second break, while black belts fight in 2-minute rounds with 1-minute breaks. Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact to a scoring area does not score any points. A kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's <i>hogu</i> (a trunk protector that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; a kick to the head scores two points. Punches to the head are not allowed. If a competitor is knocked down by a scoring technique and the referee counts, then an additional point is awarded to the opponent.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 182px;">Image:Armedforces taekwondo.jpg<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">Rachel Marcial of the US Armed Forces team (blue) competing in a taekwondo match.</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">At the end of three rounds, the competitor with the most points wins the match. If, during the match, one competitor gains a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reaches a total of 12 points, then that competitor is immediately declared the winner and the match ends. In the event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round will be held to determine the winner, after a 1-minute rest period.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; min-width: 100px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11377.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Official WTF trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards"><img alt="Official WTF trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards" border="0" class="thumbimage" height="333" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11377.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/113/11377.jpg.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #002bb8; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/0/18.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Official WTF trunk protector (<i>hogu</i>), forearm guards and shin guards</div></div></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">The ITF sparring rules are similar, but differ from the WTF rules in several respects. For example, hand attacks to the head are allowed; flying techniques score more points than grounded techniques; the competition area is slightly smaller (9 meters square instead of 10 meters); and competitors do not wear the <i>hogu</i> used in Olympic-style sparring (although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment). The ITF competition rules and regulations are available at the ITF information website.</div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="Korean_commands" name="Korean_commands" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline">Korean commands</span></h2><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">In taekwondo, Korean language commands are often used. For words used in counting, see Korean numerals.</div><table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Word</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Hangeul</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Meaning</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Charyeot</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">차렷</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Attention</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Gyeongnye</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">경례</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Bow</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Baro</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">바로</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Return</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Swieo</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">쉬어</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">At ease, relax</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Kihap</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">기합</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Yell</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Junbi</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">준비</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Ready</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Sijak</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">시작</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Begin</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Gallyeo</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">갈려</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Break (separate)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Gyesok</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">계속</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Continue</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Geuman</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">그만</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Finish (stop)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Dwiro dora</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">뒤로 돌아</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Turn around (about turn)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Haesan</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">해산</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Dismiss</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="" id="See_also" name="See_also" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"></a></div><div class="visualClear" style="clear: both;"></div></div></div></div><div class="visualClear" style="clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></div><div id="sosebar" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(250, 189, 35); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(250, 189, 35); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.6em; padding-bottom: 1.2em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center; width: 1135px;"><div class="center" style="margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; text-align: center; width: auto;">The 2008 Wikipedia for Schools has <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Children_Charity.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;" title="sponsor: SOS Children">a sponsor: SOS Children</a> , and is a hand-chosen selection of article versions from the English Wikipedia edited only by deletion (see www.wikipedia.org for details of authors and sources). The articles are available under the <nobr style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/Wikipedia%253AText_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;">GNU Free Documentation License</a></nobr>. See also our <b style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/disclaimer.htm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;">Disclaimer</a></b>. This article was sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/?oldid=187882158 .</div></div>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-21597618186051159052011-04-29T20:16:00.000-07:002011-04-30T00:39:35.521-07:00Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">New Korea food</h1><!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent --><div id="mw-AnonymousI18N-suggest" sizcache="7" sizset="1" style="background: #f8f8ff; border-bottom: #ccccff 1px solid; border-left: #ccccff 1px solid; border-right: #ccccff 1px solid; border-top: #ccccff 1px solid; font-size: 0.8em; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.3em; position: relative; text-align: center;"><small sizcache="7" sizset="1" style="position: absolute; right: 1em; top: 0.3em;">[<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg#" id="mw-AnonymousI18N-decline"><span style="color: #0645ad;">x</span></a>]</small> Wikimedia Commons null 로 보기</div><div id="bodyContent" sizcache="7" sizset="2"><!-- tagline --><div id="siteSub"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg#metadata"><span style="color: #0645ad;"></span></a> </div><div class="fullImageLink" id="file" sizcache="7" sizset="9"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><img alt="File:Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg" height="569px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg/800px-Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg" width="800px" /></span></a><br />
<small><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Size of this preview: 800 × 569 pixels</span></small></div><div class="fullMedia" sizcache="7" sizset="10"> </div><h2 sizcache="7" sizset="11"><span class="editsection" sizcache="7" sizset="11">[<a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Summary">Summary</span></h2><table cellpadding="2" class="toccolours vevent" sizcache="7" sizset="12" style="direction: ltr; width: 100%;"><tbody sizcache="7" sizset="12">
<tr><th id="fileinfotpl_desc" style="background: #ccf; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; width: 15%;">Description</th><td><span class="summary" style="display: none;">Korean.food-Mandu.Jeongol-01.jpg</span> 만두전골</td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><th id="fileinfotpl_date" style="background: #ccf; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">Date</th><td>25 May 2011<span style="display: none;">(<span class="dtstart">2011-05-25</span>)</span></td></tr>
<tr sizcache="7" sizset="12" valign="top"><th id="fileinfotpl_src" style="background: #ccf; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">Source</th><td sizcache="7" sizset="12"><div sizcache="7" sizset="12"><a class="external free" href="http://flickr.com/photos/hendry/157020496/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">http://flickr.com/photos/hendry/157020496/</span></a> cropped the original picture.</div></td></tr>
<tr sizcache="7" sizset="13" valign="top"><th id="fileinfotpl_aut" style="background: #ccf; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">Author</th><td sizcache="7" sizset="13"><div sizcache="7" sizset="13"><a class="external text" href="http://flickr.com/photos/hendry/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">by draq</span></a> (a flickr user)</div></td></tr>
<tr sizcache="7" sizset="14" valign="top"><th id="fileinfotpl_perm" sizcache="7" sizset="14" style="background: #ccf; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">Permission<br />
<small sizcache="7" sizset="14"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(</span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimedia" title="Commons:Reusing content outside Wikimedia"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: xx-small;">Reusing this file</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">)</span></small></th><td>See below.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-52690354034030455642011-04-29T20:03:00.001-07:002011-04-30T00:42:53.442-07:00Original Kpop goodies<h2 class="art-PostHeader"><a href="http://www.agassisha.com/kpop/original-kpop-goodies.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Original Kpop goodies"><span style="color: #935f06;">Original Kpop goodies</span></a></h2><div class="art-PostMetadataHeader"><div class="art-PostHeaderIcons art-metadata-icons"><span style="color: #935f06;"><img alt="" height="18px" src="http://www.agassisha.com/wp-content/themes/WP_010/images/PostDateIcon.png" width="17px" /></span> January 24th, 2011 | <img alt="" height="14px" src="http://www.agassisha.com/wp-content/themes/WP_010/images/PostAuthorIcon.png" width="14px" /> Author: <a href="http://www.agassisha.com/author/agassi/" title="Posts by agassi"><span style="color: #181b1b;">agassi</span></a> </div></div><div class="art-PostContent"><!-- Easy AdSense V2.99 --><!-- Post[count: 1] --><div class="ezAdsense adsense adsense-leadin" style="float: right; margin: 12px;"><script type="text/javascript">
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<tr><th class="fn org" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Girls' Generation</th></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg" title="Girls' Generation perform in PaekSang Arts Awards - Left to right : Hyoyeon, Tiffany, Jessica, Sooyoung, Yoona, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Sunny and Yuri."><img alt="" height="137px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg/300px-090227_SBS_%EB%B0%B1%EC%83%81%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%83%81_Gee_cropped.jpg" width="300px" /></a><br />
<span>Girls' Generation perform in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaekSang_Arts_Awards"><span style="color: #0645ad;">PaekSang Arts Awards</span></a> - Left to right : Hyoyeon, Tiffany, Jessica, Sooyoung, Yoona, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Sunny and Yuri.</span></td></tr>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Background information</th></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Also known as</th><td class="nickname">SNSD (<span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">소녀시대</span>),<br />
SoShi (<span lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">소시</span>),<br />
Shōjo Jidai (<span lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">少女時代</span>),<br />
<i>Shàonǚ Shídài</i> (<span lang="zh-hant" xml:lang="zh-hant">少女時代</span>, <span lang="zh-hans" xml:lang="zh-hans">少女时代</span>),<br />
<i>Síunéuih Sìhdoih</i></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Origin</th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seoul</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">South Korea</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Genres</span></a></th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance-pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">dance-pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">teen pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubblegum_pop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bubblegum pop</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electropop"><span style="color: #0645ad;">electropop</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Years active</th><td class="">2007 – present</td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Labels</span></a></th><td class=""><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Entertainment" title="SM Entertainment"><span style="color: #0645ad;">SM Entertainment</span></a> (South Korea)<br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayutawave_Records" title="Nayutawave Records"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Nayutawave Records</span></a> (Japan) (2010-present)<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avex_Group"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Avex Group</span></a> (2007-2010)<br />
United Asia Management</td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Associated acts</th><td class=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Town"><span style="color: #0645ad;">SM Town</span></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align: left;">Website</th><td class=""><a class="external text" href="http://girlsgeneration.smtown.com/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official website</span></a><br />
<a class="external text" href="http://www.girls-generation.jp/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official Japanese website</span></a><br />
<a class="external text" href="http://www.avex.com.tw/girlsgeneration/version06/" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">Official Taiwanese website</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: lightsteelblue; text-align: center;">Members</th></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taeyeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Taeyeon</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_(entertainer)" title="Jessica (entertainer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jessica</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_(singer)" title="Sunny (singer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sunny</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_(Korean_singer)" title="Tiffany (Korean singer)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tiffany</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoyeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hyoyeon</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwon_Yuri" title="Kwon Yuri"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Yuri</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooyoung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sooyoung</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoona"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Yoona</span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seohyun"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seohyun</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-56930625971714668692011-04-28T19:43:00.000-07:002011-04-30T00:43:33.209-07:00Hanbok<span style="font-size: x-small;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle --></span><br />
<div id="contentSub"></div><!-- /subtitle --><!-- jumpto --><div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#mw-head"><span style="color: #0645ad;">navigation</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#p-search"><span style="color: #0645ad;">search</span></a> </div><!-- /jumpto --><!-- bodytext --><div class="dablink">Not to be confused with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanhok" title="Hanhok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hanhok</span></a>.</div><table cellspacing="5" class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ccccff; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Hanbok</th></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_costume-Hanbok-Dangui-Seuranchima-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="165px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Korean_costume-Hanbok-Dangui-Seuranchima-01.jpg/220px-Korean_costume-Hanbok-Dangui-Seuranchima-01.jpg" width="220px" /></a><br />
<span>Two models wearing <i>dangui</i> and <i>seuranchima</i> decorated with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geumbak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">geumbak</span></a></i></span></td></tr>
<tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ccccff; text-align: center;">Korean name</th></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hangul</span></a></th><td class=""><span style="font-size: 115%;"><span lang="ko-Hang" xml:lang="ko-Hang"><span style="font-size: x-small;">한복 <i>or</i> 조선옷</span></span></span></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hanja</span></a></th><td class=""><span style="font-size: 115%;"><span lang="ko-Hani" xml:lang="ko-Hani"><span style="font-size: x-small;">韓服 <i>or</i> 朝鮮옷</span></span></span></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Revised Romanization</span></a></th><td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">Hanbok <i>or</i> Joseon-ot</span></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer"><span style="color: #0645ad;">McCune–Reischauer</span></a></th><td class=""><span class="Unicode" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;" title="Korean transliteration">Hanbok <i>or</i> Chosŏn-ot</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<b>Hanbok</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">South Korea</span></a>) or <b>Chosŏn-ot</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">North Korea</span></a>) is the traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" title="Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Korean</span></a> dress. It is often characterized by vibrant colors and simple lines without pockets. Although the term literally means "Korean clothing", <i>hanbok</i> today often refers specifically to hanbok of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Joseon Dynasty</span></a> and is worn as semi-formal or formal wear during traditional festivals and celebrations. Modern hanbok does not exactly follow the actual style as worn in Joseon dynasty since it went through some major changes during the 20th century for practical reasons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KBS_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-KBS-0"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Throughout history, Korea had a dual clothing tradition, in which rulers and aristocrats adopted different kinds of mixed foreign-influenced indigenous styles, while the commoners continued to use a distinct style of indigenous clothing that today is known as Hanbok.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-1"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Daum_Global_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Daum_Global-2"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctoggle"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[</span><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#" id="togglelink"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: x-small;">hide</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">]</span></span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Basic_composition_and_clothes"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Basic composition and clothes</span></span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jeogori</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Chima"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chima</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Baji"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Baji</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Po"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Po</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Jokki_and_magoja"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Jokki and magoja</span></span></a> </li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#History"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Antiquity"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Antiquity</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#During_and_after_Joseon_dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">During and after Joseon dynasty</span></span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Women.27s_everyday_wear"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Women's everyday wear</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Men.27s_everyday_wear"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Men's everyday wear</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Hanbok_for_royal_court"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hanbok for royal court</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Hanbok_for_government_officials"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Hanbok for government officials</span></span></a> </li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Foreign_influence"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign influence</span></span></a> </li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Material_and_Color"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Material and Color</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Head_dresses"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Head dresses</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Children.27s_hanbok"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Children's hanbok</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Occasions"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Occasions</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#See_also"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#Footnotes"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#References"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></span></a> </li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#External_links"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></span></a> </li>
</ul></td></tr>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Basic composition and clothes"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Basic_composition_and_clothes">Basic composition and clothes</span></h2>Traditional women's hanbok consists of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jeogori</span></a></i>, a blouse shirt or a jacket and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chima_(clothing)" title="Chima (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">chima</span></a></i>, a wrap-around skirt, which is usually worn full. The ensemble is often called <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chima_jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">chima jeogori</span></a></i>. Men's hanbok consists of <i>jeogori</i> and <i>baji</i> which means pants in Korea. The <i>baji</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KBS_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-KBS-0"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></span></a></sup> were baggy pants in traditional men's hanbok.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Jeogori">Jeogori</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa-04.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="282px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Korea-Busan-Beomeosa-04.jpg/220px-Korea-Busan-Beomeosa-04.jpg" width="220px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Busan-Beomeosa-04.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11px" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15px" /></a></div>Jeogori and chima</div></div></div><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jeogori</span></a></div><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jeogori</span></a></i> is the basic upper <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garment" title="Garment"><span style="color: #0645ad;">garment</span></a> of the hanbok, which has been worn by both men and women. It covers the arms and upper part of the wearer's body.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea-3"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup> The basic form of a <i>jeogori</i> consists of <i>gil</i>, <i>git</i>, <i>dongjeong</i>, <i>goreum</i> and sleeves. <i>Gil</i> (길) is the large section of the garment in both front and back side and <i>git</i> (깃) is a band of fabric that trims the collar. <i>Dongjeong</i> (동정) is a removable white collar placed over the end of the <i>git</i> and is generally squared off. The <i>goreum</i> (고름) are coat-strings that tie the <i>jeogori</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KBS_0-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-KBS-0"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></span></a></sup> Women's <i>jeogori</i> may have <i>kkeutdong</i> (끝동), a different colored <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuff"><span style="color: #0645ad;">cuff</span></a> placed at the end of the sleeves. There are two jeogori that may be the earliest surviving archaeological finds. One from a Yangcheon Heo Clan tomb is dated 1400-1450,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jeogori_Reborns_with_New_Visions_of_a_Thousand_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Jeogori_Reborns_with_New_Visions_of_a_Thousand-6"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></span></a></sup> while the other was discovered inside a statue of Buddha at Sangwonsa Temple (presumably left as an offering) that has been dated to the 1460s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Important_Folklore_Materials_219_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Important_Folklore_Materials_219-7"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
The form of <i>jeogori</i> has changed over time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup> While men's <i>jeogori</i> remained relatively unchanged, women's <i>jeogori</i> dramatically shortened during Joseon dynasty, reaching its shortest length at the late 19th century. However, due to reformation efforts and practical reasons, modern <i>jeogori</i> for women is longer than its earlier counterpart. Nonetheless the length is still above the waist line. Traditionally, <i>goreum</i> were short and narrow, however modern <i>goreum</i> are rather long and wide. There are several types of <i>jeogori</i> according to fabric, sewing technique, and shape.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jeogori_Reborns_with_New_Visions_of_a_Thousand_6-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Jeogori_Reborns_with_New_Visions_of_a_Thousand-6"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chima"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Chima">Chima</span></h3><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chima_(clothing)" title="Chima (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Chima</span></a></i> refers to "skirt" which is also called <i>sang</i> (<a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B3" title="wikt:裳"><span style="color: #3366bb;">裳</span></a>) or <i>gun</i> (<a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99" title="wikt:裙"><span style="color: #3366bb;">裙</span></a>) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja"><span style="color: #0645ad;">hanja</span></a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea-3"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup> The underskirt, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petticoat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">petticoat</span></a> layer is called <i>sokchima</i>. According to remaining murals of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goguryeo</span></a>, and an earthen toy excavated from the neighborhood of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangnam-dong"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hwangnam-dong</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongju"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gyeongju</span></a>, Goguryo women wore a <i>chima</i> first, and then <i>jeogori</i> over <i>the chima</i>, covering its belt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koreana_8-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Koreana-8"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hanstyle_9-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Hanstyle-9"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Although striped, patchwork skirts, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gore_(segment)" title="Gore (segment)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gored</span></a> skirts are known from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goguryeo</span></a> period,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup> from the Joseon dynasty at least skirts were made from rectangular cloth that was <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleating" title="Pleating"><span style="color: #0645ad;">pleated</span></a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gathering_(sewing)" title="Gathering (sewing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gathered</span></a> into a skirt band.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CHA_10-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-CHA-10"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></span></a></sup> This waistband extended past the skirt fabric itself, and formed ties so that the skirt could be fastened around the trunk of the body.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CHA2_11-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-CHA2-11"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<i>Sokchima</i> was largely made in a similar way to the overskirts until the early 20th century when straps were added,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GoodPeople_12-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-GoodPeople-12"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></span></a></sup> later developing into a sleeveless bodice or 'reformed' petticoat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GoodPeople2_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-GoodPeople2-13"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></span></a></sup> By the mid 20th century, some outer <i>chima</i> had also gained a sleeveless bodice, that was then covered by the <i>jeogori</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RecycleLACMA_14-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-RecycleLACMA-14"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RecycleLACMA_14-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-RecycleLACMA-14"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Baji"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Baji">Baji</span></h3><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice"><tbody>
<tr><td class="mbox-image"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg"><img alt="Wiki letter w cropped.svg" height="14px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20px" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text">This section requires <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">expansion</span></a>.</td></tr>
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Is the formal term for "pants" in Korean. The same word is used today for modern trousers, but Baji is a word used commonly in Korea for any kind of pants, not just trousers. In hanbok, men usually wear baji.<br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Po"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Po">Po</span></h3><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice"><tbody>
<tr><td class="mbox-image"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg"><img alt="Wiki letter w cropped.svg" height="14px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20px" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text">This section requires <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">expansion</span></a>.</td></tr>
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<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po_(clothing)" title="Po (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Po</span></a></i> is a generic term referring to an outer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robe"><span style="color: #0645ad;">robe</span></a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcoat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">overcoat</span></a>, which was worn mostly by men since the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goryeo</span></a> period until the Joseon period.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_3-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea-3"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durumagi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Durumagi</span></a></i> is a variety of <i>po</i> that was worn to protect the cold. It had been widely worn as an outer robe over <i>jeogori and</i> baji<i>. It is also called</i> jumagui<i>,</i> juchaui<i>, or</i> juui<em>.</em><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_3-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea-3"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jokki and magoja"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Jokki_and_magoja">Jokki and magoja</span></h3><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jokki&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jokki (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Jokki</span></a></i> (조끼) is a type of vest while <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magoja"><span style="color: #0645ad;">magoja</span></a></i> is an outer jacket. Although <i>jokki</i> and <i>magoja</i> were created at the end of the Joseon Dynasty in which the Western culture began to affect Korea, the garments have been considered parts of traditional clothing. Each is additionally worn over <i>jeogori</i> for warmth and style. <i>Magoja</i> was an originally <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu" title="Manchu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Manchu</span></a> style clothing, but was introduced to Korea after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heungseon_Daewongun"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Heungseon Daewongun</span></a>, the father of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire" title="Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire"><span style="color: #0645ad;">King Gojong</span></a> returned from his political exile in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchuria"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Manchuria</span></a> in 1887.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Life_in_Korea_15-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Life_in_Korea-15"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></span></a></sup> Magoja derived from <i>magwae</i> that he wore at that time to protect cold weather of the region. It was good to keep warmth and easy to wear, so that magoja became popular in Korea. It is also called <i>"deot jeogori"</i> (literally "an outer jeogori") or <i>magwae</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Magoja does not have <i>git</i>, band of fabric that trims the collar,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KBS_0-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-KBS-0"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></span></a></sup> <i>goreum</i> (tying strings) unlike <i>jeogori</i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durumagi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">durumagi</span></a></i> (overcoat). <i>Magoja</i> was originally a male garment, but later became a unisex clothing. The magoja for men has <i>seop</i> (섶, overlapped column on the front) and its length is longer than women's magoja, so that its both sides of the bottom are open. A magoja is made of a silk and is adorned with one or two buttons which are usually made from amber. In a male magoja, buttons are attached to the right side on contrary to women's magoja.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
At first, women wore the magoja for style rather than as a daily outfit and especially <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaeseong" title="Kaeseong"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kaeseong</span></a> people used to wear it a lot. It is made of a silk and the color for women tends to be a neutral color to harmonize with other garments such as <i>jeogori</i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chima_(clothing)" title="Chima (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">chima</span></a></i> which are worn together. In spring and autumn, a pastel tone is used for the women's magoja, so that wearers could wear it over a jeogori for style. As for men's magoja worn during spring and summer, jade, green, gray, dark grey were used.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Antiquity">Antiquity</span></h3>Origin of Hanbok traces to a widely used style of nomadic clothing in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scytho" title="Scytho"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Scytho</span></a>-<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian" title="Siberian"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Siberian</span></a> cultural sphere of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Asia" title="Northern Asia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">northern Asia</span></a> in ancient times.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-16"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lee.2C_Kyung-Ja.2C_2003_17-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Lee.2C_Kyung-Ja.2C_2003-17"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of this common style of northern Asia can be found in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Xiongnu</span></a> burial site of <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noin_Ula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Noin Ula (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Noin Ula</span></a> in northern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mongolia</span></a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-18"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></span></a></sup> and earliest evidence of hanbok's basic design features can be traced to ancient wall murals of Goguryeo before the 3rd century BCE.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-19"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-20"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Reflecting its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad"><span style="color: #0645ad;">nomadic</span></a> origins in northern Asia, hanbok was designed to facilitate ease of movement and also incorporated many <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaman" title="Shaman"><span style="color: #0645ad;">shamanistic</span></a> motifs. From this time, the basic structure of hanbok, namely the <i>jeogori</i> jacket, <i>baji</i> pants, and the <i>chima</i> skirt, was established. Short, tight trousers and tight, waist-length jackets were worn by both men and women during the early years of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Three Kingdoms of Korea</span></a> period. The basic structure and these basic design features of hanbok remains relatively unchanged to this day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-21"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Toward the end of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Three Kingdoms period</span></a>, noblewomen began to wear full-length skirts and hip-length jackets belted at the waist and noblemen began to wear roomy trousers bound in at the ankles and a narrow, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunic"><span style="color: #0645ad;">tunic</span></a>-style jacket cuffed at the wrists and belted at the waist.<br />
Although most foreign influence on Hanbok didn't last or was superficial, Mongolian clothing is an exception as the only foreign influence that made significant visible changes to Hanbok. After <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goryeo</span></a> Dynasty (918–1392) signed peace treaty with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mongol Empire</span></a> in the 13th century, Mongolian princesses who married into Korean royal house brought with them Mongolian fashion which began to prevail in both formal and private life.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lee.2C_Kyung-Ja.2C_2003_17-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Lee.2C_Kyung-Ja.2C_2003-17"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-koreanculture.org_22-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-koreanculture.org-22"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-23"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></span></a></sup> As a result of this influence, the <i>chima</i> skirt was shortened, and <i>jeogori</i> was hiked up above the waist and tied at the chest with a long, wide ribbon, the <i>goruem</i> (instead of being belted) and the sleeves were curved slightly. Cultural exchange was not one way however. Goryeo had significant cultural influence on the Mongol court of Yuan Dynasty, the most visible of which was adoption of women's hanbok by the aristocrats, queens and concubines of the Mongol court.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-24"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-25"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-26"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<ul class="gallery"><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 44px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><img alt="" height="62px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg/120px-Goguryeo_tomb_mural.jpg" width="120px" /></span></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goguryeo</span></a> man in a hunting attire from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo_tombs" title="Goguryeo tombs"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goguryeo tombs</span></a>.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-National.Folk.Museum-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Korea-National.Folk.Museum-01.jpg/90px-Korea-National.Folk.Museum-01.jpg" width="90px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Silla</span></a> king and queen's attire.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goryeohanbok.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Goryeohanbok.jpg/83px-Goryeohanbok.jpg" width="83px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">A woman's attire during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goguryeo</span></a> dynasty.</div></div></li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: During and after Joseon dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="During_and_after_Joseon_dynasty">During and after Joseon dynasty</span></h3>The early <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" title="Joseon dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Joseon dynasty</span></a> appeared to continue the women's fashion for baggy, loose clothing, such as those seen on the mural from the tomb of Bak Ik (1332–1398).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-27"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></span></a></sup> However, by the 16th century, the jeogori had shortened to the waist, and appears to have become closer fitting, although not to the extremes of the bell-shaped silhouette of the 18th and 19th centuries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-28"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Contemporary_Artwork_of_Women_29-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Contemporary_Artwork_of_Women-29"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chosun_Ilbo_30-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Chosun_Ilbo-30"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Today's hanbok is the direct descendant of hanbok as worn in the Joseon dynasty period, specifically the late 19th century. Hanbok had gone through various changes and "fashion fads" during the five hundred years under the reigns of Joseon kings and eventually evolved to what we now mostly relate to as a typical hanbok.<br />
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Women's everyday wear"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Women.27s_everyday_wear">Women's everyday wear</span></h4>During Joseon Dynasty <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jeogori</span></a> (shirt or blouse) of women's hanbok became gradually tightened and shortened. Although prior to 16th century <i>jeogori</i> was baggy and its length reached below the waist line, after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Imjin War</span></a> economic hardship on the peninsula may have influenced the closer-fitting styles that would use less fabric.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chosun_Ilbo_30-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Chosun_Ilbo-30"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></span></a></sup> By the latter half of the dynasty the close-fitting, short <i>jeogori</i> reached such an extreme that they scarcely covered the breasts and therefore women had to wear another piece of cloth which was called <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heoritti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Heoritti (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">heoritti</span></a></i> or <i>heorimari</i>. Although <i>heoritti</i> was originally meant to be worn as an undergarment it became fashionable to expose heoritti by the late 18th century and the trend continued well into the end of 19th century. The common and lowborn classes, however, often eschewed the <i>heoritti</i> altogether, as a way of indicating that they had given birth to a son.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-31"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></span></a></sup> This also may have assisted with breastfeeding.<br />
A clothes reformation movement, which aimed to lengthen <i>jeogori,</i> experienced quite a success in the early 20th century and has continued to influence the shaping of modern hanbok. Modern <i>jeogori</i> are much longer, although still halfway between the waistline and the breasts. <i>Heoritti</i> are sometimes exposed for aesthetic reasons. At the end of 19th century, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daewon-gun" title="Daewon-gun"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Daewon-gun</span></a> introduced <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magoja"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Magoja</span></a></i>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu" title="Manchu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Manchu</span></a>-style jacket, to Korea, which is often worn over <i>jeogori</i> to this day.<br />
Women's skirt became fuller during Joseon dynasty. In 17th and 18th centuries the fullness of the skirt was concentratrated around the hips, thus shaping a silhouette similar to Western bustles. The fullness of the skirt reached its extreme around 1800. During 19th century fullness of the skirt was achieved around the knees and ankles thus giving <i>chima</i> a triangular silhouette, which is still the preferred style to this day. Many undergarments such as <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darisokgot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Darisokgot (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">darisokgot</span></a>,</i> <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soksokgot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Soksokgot (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">soksokgot</span></a>,</i> <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dansokgot&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dansokgot (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">dansokgot</span></a></i>, and <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gojengi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gojengi (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">gojengi</span></a></i> were worn to achieve a desired silhouette.<br />
<ul class="gallery"><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chimajeogori002.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chimajeogori002.jpg/89px-Chimajeogori002.jpg" width="89px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">Women's hanbok consists of <i>chima</i> skirt and <i>jeogori</i> shirt.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:18thcentury_maid.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/18thcentury_maid.jpg/86px-18thcentury_maid.jpg" width="86px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">Full skirt and tight <i>jeogori</i> were considered fashionable. 18th century.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yangban.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/Yangban.jpg/118px-Yangban.jpg" width="118px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">A rare painting of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangban"><span style="color: #0645ad;">yangban</span></a></i> women. <i>Yangban</i> ladies were sensitive to "fashion fads" which worried <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Confucian</span></a> scholars. 18th century.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:18thcentury_innerwear.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/18thcentury_innerwear.jpg/99px-18thcentury_innerwear.jpg" width="99px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Soksokgot</i>, similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petticoat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">petticoat</span></a> is shown under the woman's skirt. 18th century.</div></div></li>
</ul><h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Men's everyday wear"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Men.27s_everyday_wear">Men's everyday wear</span></h4><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_1,_Unhyeongung_-_Seoul,_Korea.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Interior_1%2C_Unhyeongung_-_Seoul%2C_Korea.JPG/220px-Interior_1%2C_Unhyeongung_-_Seoul%2C_Korea.JPG" width="220px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_1,_Unhyeongung_-_Seoul,_Korea.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11px" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15px" /></a></div>Male aristocrat dress; a <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat_(hat)" title="Gat (hat)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gat</span></a></i> (a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehair"><span style="color: #0645ad;">horsehair</span></a> hat) on the head and yellow <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopo_(clothing)" title="Dopo (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">dopo</span></a></i> (an overcoat).</div></div></div>Men's hanbok saw little change compared to women's hanbok. The form and design of <i>jeogori</i> and <i>baji</i> hardly changed.<br />
However, men's lengthy outwear, equivalent of modern overcoat went through quite a dramatic change. Before the late 19th century, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangban"><span style="color: #0645ad;">yangban</span></a></i> men almost always wore <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jungchimak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jungchimak (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">jungchimak</span></a></i> when going abroad. <i>Jungchimak</i> had very lengthy sleeves and its lower part had splits on both sides and occasionally on the back so as to create fluttering effect when walking. To some this was considered fashionable, and to some, namely stoic scholars, it was nothing but pure vanity. Daewon-gun successfully banned <i>jungchimak</i> as a part of his clothes reformation program and <i>jungchimak</i> eventually disappeared.<br />
<i>Durumagi</i>, which was previously worn underneath <i>jungchimak</i> and basically a house dress substituted <i>jungchimak</i> as the formal outwear for <i>yangban</i> men. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durumagi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Durumagi</span></a></i> differs from its predecessor in that it has tighter sleeves and does not have splits on either sides and the back. It is also slightly shorter in length. Men's hanbok has remained relatively the same since the adoption of <i>durumagi</i>.<br />
<ul class="gallery"><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:18thcentur_man.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/18thcentur_man.jpg/70px-18thcentur_man.jpg" width="70px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">A man wearing <i>jungchimak</i>. 18th century.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malehanbok002.JPG"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Malehanbok002.JPG/65px-Malehanbok002.JPG" width="65px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">The "fluttering" effect. 18th century.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-01.jpg/66px-Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-01.jpg" width="66px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Waryonggwan</i> and <i>hakchangui</i> in 1863.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koreans_oldest_pic_3.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koreans_oldest_pic_3.jpg/81px-Koreans_oldest_pic_3.jpg" width="81px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">Photograph taken in 1863</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 26px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koreans_oldest_pic_group.jpg"><img alt="" height="97px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Koreans_oldest_pic_group.jpg/120px-Koreans_oldest_pic_group.jpg" width="120px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">Photograph taken in 1863</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-02.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-02.jpg/78px-Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-02.jpg" width="78px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokgeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bokgeon</span></a></i> and <i>simui</i> in 1880.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-03.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-03.jpg/68px-Joseon-Portrait_of_Heungseon_Daewongun-03.jpg" width="68px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext">Black <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokgeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bokgeon</span></a></i> and blue <i>dopo</i> in 1880.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Min_Sangho-1898-Hubert_Vos.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Korea-Min_Sangho-1898-Hubert_Vos.jpg/94px-Korea-Min_Sangho-1898-Hubert_Vos.jpg" width="94px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeongjagwan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jeongjagwan</span></a></i> on the head.</div></div></li>
</ul><h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hanbok for royal court"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Hanbok_for_royal_court">Hanbok for royal court</span></h4><ul class="gallery"><li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taejo_of_Korea.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Taejo_of_Korea.jpg/117px-Taejo_of_Korea.jpg" width="117px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Gonryongpo</i> (or ikseongwanpo): business attire for king</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Yeongjo-King_of_Joseon-c1.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Korea-Yeongjo-King_of_Joseon-c1.jpg/90px-Korea-Yeongjo-King_of_Joseon-c1.jpg" width="90px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Hongryongpo</i>: everyday clothes for king</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gojong-King_of_Korea-by.Hubert_Vos-1898-detail.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gojong-King_of_Korea-by.Hubert_Vos-1898-detail.jpg/94px-Gojong-King_of_Korea-by.Hubert_Vos-1898-detail.jpg" width="94px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Hwangryongpo</i>: everyday clothes for king. Gojong began to wear the clothes.</div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Portrait_of_Emperor_Gojong-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Korea-Portrait_of_Emperor_Gojong-01.jpg/73px-Korea-Portrait_of_Emperor_Gojong-01.jpg" width="73px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Tongcheongwan</i> and <i>Gangsapo</i></div></div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;"><div class="thumb" style="height: 150px; width: 150px;"><div style="margin: 15px auto;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean.costume-Wonsam-for.Queen.Joseon-01.jpg"><img alt="" height="120px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Korean.costume-Wonsam-for.Queen.Joseon-01.jpg/80px-Korean.costume-Wonsam-for.Queen.Joseon-01.jpg" width="80px" /></a></div></div><div class="gallerytext"><i>Hwangwonsam</i>: everyday clothes for queen</div></div></li>
</ul><h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hanbok for government officials"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Hanbok_for_government_officials">Hanbok for government officials</span></h4><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 162px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseon-Portrait_of_Cha_Jegong-Black_danryeongpo.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="305px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Joseon-Portrait_of_Cha_Jegong-Black_danryeongpo.jpg/160px-Joseon-Portrait_of_Cha_Jegong-Black_danryeongpo.jpg" width="160px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseon-Portrait_of_Cha_Jegong-Black_danryeongpo.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11px" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15px" /></a></div><i>Heuk dallyeongpo</i> in the late 18th century</div></div></div><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwanbok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gwanbok</span></a></i> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" title="Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Korean</span></a> term which refers to all formal attires of government officials. It began to be worn since <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla_period" title="Silla period"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Silla period</span></a> until <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Joseon Dynasty</span></a>. During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Silla</span></a> period, the official robe system of Tang China was imported and put into practice, while the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryo" title="Goryo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goryo</span></a> court robes were adopted from those of Mongolian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" title="Yuan Dynasty"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Yuan</span></a>. In the Joseon period, Ming China's official robes were adopted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koreana_8-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Koreana-8"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></span></a></sup> There were several types of <i>gwanbok</i> which differs in color and design according to the wearer's status, rank, and occasion such as <i>jobok</i>, <i>jebok</i>, <i>sangbok</i>, <i>gongbok</i>, <i>yungbok</i>, and <i>gunbok</i>.<br />
<i>Jobok</i> was the <i>gwanbok</i> worn for special occasions such as national festivals, or announcement of royal decrees. <i>Jebok</i> was the <i>gwanbok</i> worn while an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor_veneration" title="Ancestor veneration"><span style="color: #0645ad;">ancestor veneration</span></a> ritual called <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jesa</span></a></i> was held. <i>Sangbok</i> was worn as a daily official clothing while <i>gongbok</i> was worn when officers had an audience with the king at the palace. <i>Yungbok</i> was related to military affairs.<br />
However, as the term in a narrow scope only denote the <i>gongbok</i> and <i>sangbok</i>, it means <i>dallyeong</i>, robe with a round collar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-32"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-33"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Foreign influence"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_influence">Foreign influence</span></h3>Some Chinese-styled clothing was adopted by the upper class, but its use was always separate from the tradition of hanbok, and was eventually replaced by Western influences. With increasing cultural ties between China and Korea since the latter half of the Three Kingdoms period, the aristocratic class and rulers started adopting hanfu, traditional style of Chinese clothes very different from Hanbok. Unlike the aristocrats, the majority of commoners continued to use Hanbok, and many aristocrats also continued to use Hanbok for less formal occasions or at the comfort of their homes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Daum_Global_2-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Daum_Global-2"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
As <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Silla</span></a> unified the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Three Kingdoms of Korea</span></a>, various foreign cultures and systems were imported from <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_China" title="Tang China"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tang China</span></a>. In the process, the latest fashion trend of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Luoyang</span></a>, the capital of Tang, were also introduced to Korea. This fashion was similar to the Western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_silhouette" title="Empire silhouette"><span style="color: #0645ad;">empire style</span></a> but differed from the Korean style in that women wore a skirt over a jacket to make the body slim. After the unification, Korean women started wearing the new style, which was popular not only in China but also in countries influenced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Silk Road</span></a> exchange. The style was, however, discontinued during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goryeo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Goryeo</span></a> dynasty, the next ruling state of Korea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koreana_8-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Koreana-8"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hanstyle_9-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Hanstyle-9"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></span></a></sup> <i>Dallyeong</i>, a style of clothing from nomadic cultures of Western Asia, was introduced from Tang China and was adopted as the official robe system, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwanbok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gwanbok</span></a>, in the 4th century until the 17th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-34"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Beginning in the late 19th century, use of hanfu was entirely replaced by new Western imports such as the Western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" title="Suit (clothing)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">suit</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dress"><span style="color: #0645ad;">dress</span></a>. Today, formal and casual wears are usually based on Western styles, while Hanbok is still used for traditional purposes. Sino-Korean Confucian robes are occasionally used in conjunction with every-day Hanbok and western-style suits during the performance of rites at ancestral halls and Confucian shrines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-35"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Material and Color"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Material_and_Color">Material and Color</span></h2>The upper classes wore hanbok of closely woven <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramie"><span style="color: #0645ad;">ramie</span></a> cloth or other high-grade lightweight materials in warm weather and of plain and patterned silks the rest of the year. Commoners were restricted by law as well as resources to cotton at best.<br />
The upper classes wore a variety of colors, though bright colors were generally worn by children and girls and subdued colors by middle-aged men and women. Commoners were restricted by law to everyday clothes of white, but for special occasions they wore dull shades of pale pink, light green, gray, and charcoal. The color of <i>chima</i> showed the wearer's social position and statement. For example, a navy color indicated that a woman had son(s). Only the royal family could wear a clothing with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geumbak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">geumbak</span></a></i>-printed patterns (gold leaf) on the bottom of chima.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Head dresses"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Head_dresses">Head dresses</span></h2><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 142px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Miindo-Yun.family.of.Haenam-d1.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="140px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Miindo-Yun.family.of.Haenam-d1.jpg/140px-Miindo-Yun.family.of.Haenam-d1.jpg" width="140px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Miindo-Yun.family.of.Haenam-d1.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11px" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15px" /></a></div>A woman wearing a wig, or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gache"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gache</span></a></i>.</div></div></div>Both male and female wore their hair in a long <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braid"><span style="color: #0645ad;">braid</span></a> until they were married, at which time the hair was knotted; man's hair was knotted in a topknot called <i>sangtu</i> (상투) on the top of the head and the woman’s hair was rolled into a ball shaped form and was set just above the nape of the neck.<br />
A long pin, or <i>binyeo</i> (비녀), was thrust through the knotted hair of the woman as both a fastener and a decoration. The material and length of the <i>binyeo</i> varied according to the wearer’s class and status. Women wore a <i>jokduri</i> on their wedding day, and wore an <i>ayam</i> for protection from the cold. Men wore a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat_(hat)" title="Gat (hat)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gat</span></a>, which varied according to class and status.<br />
Before 19th century women of high social backgrounds and <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisaeng" title="Gisaeng"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gisaeng</span></a></i> wore wigs (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gache"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gache</span></a></i>). Like their Western counterparts, Koreans considered bigger and heavier wigs to be more desirable and aesthetic. Such was the women's frenzy for the <i>gache</i> that in 1788 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeongjo_of_Joseon" title="Jeongjo of Joseon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">King Jeongjo</span></a> prohibited and banned, by royal decree, the use of <i>gache</i>, as they were deemed contrary to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Confucian" title="Korean Confucian"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Korean Confucian</span></a> values of reserve and restraint<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-36"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
In the 19th century <i>yangban</i> women began to wear <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokduri"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jokduri</span></a></i>, a small hat that substituted <i>gache</i>. However <i>gache</i> enjoyed vast popularity in <i>gisaeng</i> circles well into the end of the century.<br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Children's hanbok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Children.27s_hanbok">Children's hanbok</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_clothing-Hanbok_for_children-01.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147px" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Korean_clothing-Hanbok_for_children-01.jpg/220px-Korean_clothing-Hanbok_for_children-01.jpg" width="220px" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_clothing-Hanbok_for_children-01.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11px" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15px" /></a></div>Children's hanbok</div></div></div>In old days, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkachi_durumagi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kkachi durumagi</span></a></i> (literally "a magpie's overcoat") were worn as <i>seolbim</i> (설빔), new clothing and shoes worn on <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seolnal" title="Seolnal"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seolnal</span></a>, New Year's Day in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_calendar"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lunar calendar</span></a>, while at present, it is worn as a ceremonial garment for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doljanchi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">doljanchi</span></a></i>, celebration for a baby's first birthday.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_Kkachi_37-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea_Kkachi-37"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></span></a></sup> It is a children's colorful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcoat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">overcoat</span></a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-38"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></span></a></sup> It was worn mostly by young boys.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-39"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></span></a></sup> The clothes is also called <i>obangjang durumagi</i> which means "an overcoat of five directions".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EncyKorea_Kkachi_37-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-EncyKorea_Kkachi-37"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></span></a></sup> It was worn over <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeogori"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jeogori</span></a></i> (a jacket) and <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jokki&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jokki (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">jokki</span></a></i> (a vest) while the wearer could put <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeonbok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">jeonbok</span></a></i> (a long vest) over it. <i>Kkachi durumagi</i> was also worn along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headgear"><span style="color: #0645ad;">headgear</span></a> such as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokgeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bokgeon</span></a></i> (a peaked cloth hat),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-40"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-41"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></span></a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogeon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">hogeon</span></a></i> (peaked cloth hat with a tiger pattern) for young boys or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulle"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gulle</span></a></i> (decorative headgear) for young girls.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Doosan_4-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-Doosan-4"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tour2korea_42-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-tour2korea-42"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
Modern hanbok for children consists of only two or three pieces and can be put on easily. They are usually made of less expensive fabrics since they are only worn once or twice a year during bigger holidays like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Chuseok</span></a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seolnal" title="Seolnal"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seolnal</span></a>. Children are also dressed up in hanbok on their first birthday, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dol_janchi" title="Dol janchi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">dol</span></a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-43"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok#cite_note-44"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanbok&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Occasions"><span style="color: #0645ad;">edit</span></a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Occasions">Occasions</span></h2>korean wavehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03943802389129691412noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7217751416904314498.post-20453429353195100492011-04-28T03:10:00.001-07:002011-04-30T00:43:33.210-07:00Long Dress Style Pants lace Beige Korea Elastic waist Top<img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.kfreeshipping.com/%ec%9d%b4%eb%b2%a0%ec%9d%b4%ec%83%81%ec%84%b8%ec%84%a4%eb%aa%85/4%ec%9b%94/0420/77.jpg" /><br />
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