2011년 4월 30일 토요일

Super Junior(슈퍼주니어) _ BONAMANA(미인아) _ MusicVideo

More About Super Junior

  • Interested In: Fans
  • Member Since: Dec 2007
  • Company: Sm Entertainment, Avex Trax
  • Super Junior's URL: http://profiles.friendster.com/suju13elf
  • Occupation:
    dancers, singers, band
  • Affiliations:
    Super Junior, SM entertainment
  • Favorite Movies:
    Attack on the pin-up boys
  • Favorite Music:
    their songs are too many to be mention.....all their songs!!!
  • Favorite TV Shows:
    KM: Super Junior show, Princess diary, Super Adonis Camp, Idol World...M.net: Mystery 6, Super Junior Mini Drama, Super Summer...SBS: Full House, Sunday is good- Explore the Human Body...Channel [V]: Top 5@5
  • About Me:

    Name: 슈퍼주니어 Super Junior, previously known as SuperJunior05
    Pronunciation: shoo-puh-joo-nee-uh
    Short form: 슈주 Suju
    Group Debut: November 6, 2005 (broadcasted on SBS Inkigayo, ); they unofficially debuted with a dance-only / gag-skit event on September 11, 2005, but it wasn't aired until May 16, 2006 on a Special M.Net program called (said performance didn't feature: Kim Ryeowook — who joined the group at the last minute, nor Cho Kyuhyun — who was added in the middle of 2006)
    Group Members: 이특 Leeteuk | 희철 Heechul | 한긍 Han Geng or 한경 Hankyung | 예성 Yesung | 강인 Kangin | 신동 Shindong
    ——————————-성민 Sungmin | 은혁 Eunhyuk | 시원 Siwon | 동해 Donghae | 려욱 Ryeowook | 기범 Kibum | 규현 Kyuhyun
    Company & Management: SM엔터테인먼트 SM Entertainment
    Official Fanclub: 엘프 E.L.F. (EverLasting Friends), established on June 2, 2006
    Official Balloon Color: 펄 사파이어 블루 Pearl Sapphire Blue
    Official Korean Websites: http://www.super-junior.co.kr (Super Junior, SM) | http://t.super-junior.co.kr (Super Junior - T, SM)
    Official Foreign Websites: http://www.avex.com.tw/superjunior (Super Junior, Avex Taiwan) | http://avexnet.or.jp/superjunior (Super Junior, Avex Japan)


    "May be taken out with full and proper credits"


    1) LEETEUK (이특); LI TE -- 利 (merit) 特 (special) → Meritly Special
    2) HEECHUL (희철); XI CHE -- 希 (hope) 澈 (clear) → Hopeful
    3) HANKYUNG (한경); HAN GENG -- 韓 (surname) 庚 (age) → Heavenly Age
    4) YESUNG (예성); YI SHENG -- 藝 (art) 聲 (voice) → Art-like Voice
    5) KANGIN (강인); QIANG REN -- 強 (strength) 仁 (humaneness) → Humane Strength
    6) SHINDONG (신동); SHEN TONG -- 神 (god) 童 (child) → Prodigy
    7) SUNGMIN (성민); SHENG MIN -- 晟 (splendor) 敏 (keen) → Sharpness
    8) EUNHYUK (은혁); YIN HE -- 銀 (silver) 赫 (radiant) → Radiant Silver
    9) DONGHAE (동해); DONG HAI -- 東 (east) 海 (sea) → East Sea
    10) SIWON (시원); SHI YUAN -- 始 (begin) 源 (origin) → Origin
    11) RYEOWOOK (려욱); LI XU -- 厲 (severe) 旭 (sunrise) → Powerful Sunrise
    12) KIBUM (기범); QI FAN -- 起 (rise) 範 (rule) → Rising Law
    13) KYUHYUN (규현); GUI XIAN -- 圭 (jade tablet) 賢 (worthy) → Worthy Like Jade

    (edit 2008/05/10: Changed Ryeowook's name from "Sharp Brilliance" to "Powerful Sunrise" because it makes sense more, lol. And I believe 旭 is a word that leans more towards "sunrise" than "brilliance".)

    And just because I want to, the following are their romanized Cantonese names.

    1) LEETEUK → Lei Dak
    2) HEECHUL → Hae Chit
    3) HANKYUNG → Hon Gang
    4) YESUNG → Ngai Sing
    5) KANGIN → Keung Yan
    6) SHINDONG → San Tung
    7) SUNGMIN → Sing Man
    8) EUNHYUK → Ngan Haak
    9) DONGHAE → Dung Hoi
    10) SIWON → Chi Yun
    11) RYEOWOOK → Lai Yuk
    12) KIBUM → Hae Faan
    13) KYUHYUN → Gwai Yin


    credits by blabby-Iwy

    Super Junior thai Super Junior sg Super Junior elf tw Suju cn Sujunesia Suju Sapphireblue vn
  • Who I Want to Meet:
    Photobucket


Super Junior's Guestbook

Super Junior's Slide Shows

Super Junior's Media Box

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Leeteuk (이특/李 特)
(이특 is actually pronounced Eeteuk)
Real Name: Park Jungsu (박정수/朴 正 秀)
Nickname(s): Angel without Wings (날개잃은천사), Gaeteuk (개특, named by Heechul), Special Leader (특별한리더), Peter Pan, Ori (오리 aka Duck)
Date of Birth: July 1, 1983
Place of Birth: Seoul (서울)
Height: 178 cm/5' 10.1" in (real height 176 cm/5' 9.3" in or so he claims :))
Weight: 59 kg/129.8 lb
Blood Type: A
Siblings: older sister Park Inyoung (1982)
Specialty/Hobby: Piano, Composition, Listening to music, Singing
Education: Transferred from Paekche Institute of the Arts (백제예술대학) to Inha University (인하대학교)
Misc. Info.: Leeteuk was wandering around lost in the streets of Seoul when an SM scout saw him and gave him a business card. He auditioned in 2000 and made his first appearance the same year as an extra sitting in an auditorium in MBC's "All About Eve." His stage name Eeteuk (이특) means "special."

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Heechul (희철/希 澈)

Real Name: Kim Heechul (김희철/金 希 澈)
Nickname(s): Heenim (희님), Cinderella (신데렐라), Flower (꽃), Kim Pink (김분홍), Kim Moodswing (김기복), Kim Cherry (from Youngstreet), Snake (from the Zodiac), Heerobbong (part of the Bbong brothers with Donghae and U-Know Yunho), Heebongie Hyung (Yesung's nickname for Heechul)
Date of Birth: July 10, 1983
Place of Birth: Hoengseong County, Kangwondo (강원도 횡성군); grew up in Wonju, Kangwondo (강원도 원주) where his parents still reside
Height: 179 cm/5' 10.5" in (stated in his 100Q/100A from August 26, 2007 that his height is actually 178 cm/5' 10.1")
Weight: 60 kg/132 lb
Blood Type: AB
Siblings: older sister Kim Heejin (1982)
Pets: Heebum (Russian Blue cat) since 11/11/06, Champagne (Siamese cat) since 7/26/08; used to have Yamchae (Russian Blue cat) given to him by fans from 7/13/05 to 11/3/05, but he ran away while Heechul was away for a few days filming.
Specialty/Hobby: Writing poems, Writing fairy tales, Computer games
Education: Sangji University (상지대학교); reportedly graduated in 2008.
Official Website: http://www.rellagyo.com
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=23645
Misc. Info.: On a whim, Heechul searched the internet for entertainment companies and it so happened that SM was having open auditions so he went with his friends to Seoul to sightsee/audition. Being unfamiliar with the area, he got lost and missed the open audition hours. They told him that it was too late, but according to him, took one look at his face and changed their minds :) He was allowed to audition and was cast through Starlight Casting System in October 2002. He debuted as an actor on March 6, 2005 through the youth drama KBS's "Banolim 2" as Baek Jinwoo.

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Hangeng (한경/韩 庚)
(lately they've been officially going by the Chinese pronunciation of his name, Han Geng, but in Korean it is pronounced Hankyung)
Real Name: Han Geng (한긍/韩 庚)
Nickname(s): Beijing Fried Rice (북경밥 aka Bukkyungbap; came during "Full House," from Hangeng mispronouncing and Heechul mishearing 볶음밥 aka Bokkeumbap which just means fried rice in Korean), Dragon (from the Zodiac)
Date of Birth: February 9, 1984
Place of Birth: Mudanjiang in the Hei Long Jiang (黑龙江) Province, located in the northeastern part of China
Height: 181 cm/5' 11.3"
Weight: 66 kg/145.2 lbs
Blood Type: B (he originally thought he was O then A. It was only in summer 2006 that he found out that his blood type was B.)
Siblings: only child
Pets: used to have Rong Rong (dog) which was given to him by fans for a little while in March-June 2007, but had to give him away because he wasn't home enough to take care of him; Mao Mao (lives with Hankyung's parents in China)
Specialty/Hobby: Chinese traditional dance, Ballet, Computer games
Education: Central University for Nationalities (중앙민족대학교)
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=262497
Misc. Info.: Hangeng accompanied a friend who was auditioning at the H.O.T. CHINA Audition in 2001 and was talked into auditioning himself. He was chosen as a handful among 3000 who auditioned. He made his debut as a model in a fashion show F/W General idea by Bum Suk in May 2005.
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Yesung (예성/藝 聲)

Real Name: Kim Jongwoon (김종운/金 鐘 雲)
Nickname(s): Cloud (구룸), Dog (from the Zodiac), Rabid Dog (광견; Heechul's nickname for Yesung)
Date of Birth: August 24, 1984
Place of Birth: Chunahn, Choongchungnamdo (충청남도 천안)
Height: 178 cm/5' 10.1"
Weight: 64 kg/140.8 lb
Blood Type: AB
Siblings: younger brother Kim Jongjin (1987)
Pets: a turtle named Ttangkkoma (땅꼬마 which means 'small runt') since 12/4/08; he mentioned on "Olnbam" that it cost him 200,000 won (~$150).
Specialty/Hobby: Singing, Listening to music, Exercise
Education: Chungwoon University (청운대학교), Broadcast Music major, possibly transferred to Sunmoon University (선문대학교); reportedly graduated in early 2009.
Misc. Info.: Yesung won gold in the 1999 ChunAn Singing Contest. He was encouraged to audition for SM by his mother who secretly submitted his application without telling him. He auditioned for SM in 2001. His stage name Yesung (예성) is an acronym for 술가의 대 which means "Vocal Chords of an Artist."
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Kangin (강인/强 仁)

Real Name: Kim Youngwoon (김영운/金 英 雲)
Nickname(s): Kang Kings (강깅쓰), Kkang (깡), Neoguri (너구리 aka Racoon, named by Anya from "Full House"), Ox (from the Zodiac), Youngchoon (영춘; Heechul's nickname for Kangin, Heechul claims that this is Kangin's real first name)
Date of Birth: January 17, 1985
Place of Birth: Seodaemoongoo, Seoul (서울 서대문구)
Height: 180 cm/5' 10.9"
Weight: 70 kg/154 lb
Blood Type: O
Siblings: only child
Pets: Gongju (공주 which means Princess; it's a female Japanese Spitz, shown on ChinChin 11/7/08; the coordi noona told him that her eyes look just like his so he bought it)
Specialty/Hobby: Acting, Singing, Exercise (kick boxing), Swimming
Education: Paekche Institute of the Arts (백제예술대학) or (상명대 천안캠퍼스) Theater Arts
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=253556
Misc. Info.: Kangin was on a class field trip goofing off with his friends when an SM scout spotted him. He entered the 2002 SM Youth Best Contest (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and won first place for Best Outward Appearance. He made his debut as a panelist on SBS "One Night's TV Entertainment (한밤의 TV연예)" in 2004. His stage name Kangin (강인) means "strong benevolence." He is known for his physical strength.
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Shindong (신동/申 東 or 神 童)

Real Name: Shin Donghee (신동희/申 東 熙)
Nickname(s): Dongri Dong Dong (from Ppo Ppo Ppo)
Date of Birth: September 28, 1985
Place of Birth: Ilsan, KyungGido (경기도 일산)
Height: 178 cm/5' 10.1"
Weight: 90 kg/198 lb (he stated on his minihompy that he started his current diet at 103 kg/227 lb. Shindong stated during an interview during the Super Show in Shanghai that at one point, he had lost up to 19 kg, but that he had gained 4 kg back so he's lost a total of 15 kg - 11/22/08)
Blood Type: O
Siblings: only child
Specialty/Hobby: Making facial expressions, Making jokes, Dancing
Education: Paekche Institute of the Arts (백제예술대학)
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=197078
Misc. Info.: Prior to joining SM, Shindong won the 2002 and 2003 Goyangshi Youth Dance contest (Grand Prize in 2002 and Gold Prize in 2003) and the 2004 Mnet Epi Contest (Gold Prize and Popularity Award). He entered the 2005 SM Youth Best Contest (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and won first place for Best Comedian and Grand Prize overall. Shindong made his debut the same year as the MC for DBSK's Sweet Rose Party. He owns a scooter which he calls Kkoolie (꿀이 which is equivalent to "Oinkie" since in Korea "kkool" is the sound pigs make) and often goes riding with Sungmin, with whom he also shares a love of photography. His stage name Shindong (신동), originally comes from his last name and first character of his first name (申 東), but they often take a different meaning to his name, 神 童 which means "prodigy" and is aptly named since Shindong is known for his numerous creative abilities.
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Sungmin (성민/成 民)

Real Name: Lee Sungmin (이성민/李 成 民)
Nickname(s): Sweet Pumpkin (단호박 comes from his line in a one-episode drama called "Sea of sisters"), Minimi (미니미)
Date of Birth: January 1, 1986
Place of Birth: Seoul (서울)
Height: 175 cm/5' 8.9"
Weight: 57 kg/125.4 lb
Blood Type: A
Siblings: younger brother Lee Sungjin
Pets: Ari (Yorkshire Terrier dog, name means "Fighting" in Korean. This isn't the same dog that he looked after for a month on "Animal Farm." That Ari was adopted by another family.)
Specialty/Hobby: Chinese martial arts, Acting, Watching movies, Playing instruments
Education: Transferred from Seoul Arts University (서울예대학교); currently a student at Myongji University (명지대학교)
Misc. Info.: Sungmin entered the 2001 SM Youth Best Contest (청소년 베스트 선발대회) and jointly along with Donghae won first place for Best Outward Appearance. He debuted on SBS "Showdown of the Century (세기의 대결)," a show that showcased various SM trainees, hosted by Kangta and Moon Heejun of H.O.T. in 2002. He owns a scooter which he calls Byul (별 which means Star) and often goes riding with Shindong, with whom he also shares a love of photography.
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Eunhyuk (은혁/銀 赫)

Real Name: Lee Hyukjae (이혁재/李 赫 在)
Nickname(s): Jewel Guy (보석미남), Monkey (from the Zodiac)
Date of Birth: April 4, 1986
Place of Birth: Ilsan, KyungGido (경기도 일산)
Height: 176 cm/5' 9.3" (mentioned on Yashimmanman that his real height was +/- 2 cm so 174 cm/5' 8.5" :))
Weight: 58 kg/127.6 lb
Blood Type: O
Siblings: older sister Lee Sora (1984)
Pets: Choco (lives with his parents)
Specialty/Hobby: Dancing (all genres), Exercising, Listening to music
Education: Currently a student at Pai Chai University (배재대학교)
Misc. Info.: Eunhyuk entered SM in 2000. His best friend since elementary school is DBSK's Xiah Junsu. They went to the same school and due to their mutual love of dancing, they became dance partners and best friends. He, like Sungmin, debuted on SBS "Showdown of the Century (세기의 대결)," a show that showcased various SM trainees, hosted by Kangta and Moon Heejun of H.O.T. in 2002. His stage name was created because there is a well-known Korean comedian who has the same name. He decided to add an Eun which means "silver" thus the precious jewel of his nickname to the first part of his name deriving Eunhyuk.
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Donghae (동해/東 海)

Real Name: Lee Donghae (이동해/李 東 海)
Nickname(s): Fishy (물고기, it's actually just "fish" but because of how Koreans pronounce it, it became "Fishy" to international fans), Donghae Bada (동해바다, East Sea), Pinocchio (named by Heechul), Dorobbong (part of the Bbong brothers with Heechul and U-Know Yunho), Tiger (from the Zodiac)
Date of Birth: October 15, 1986
Place of Birth: Mokpo, Jeollanamdo (전라남도 목포)
Height: 175 cm/5' 8.9"
Weight: 60 kg/132 lb
Blood Type: A
Siblings: older brother Donghwa
Pets: Bada (Bichon Maltese dog, name comes from Donghae's name East Sea, thus Bada meaning "Sea"), Meo (Bichon Maltese dog, name is short for "Romeo")
Specialty/Hobby: Dancing, Exercise, Singing, Watching movies
Education: Currently a student at Myongji University (명지대학교)
Misc. Info.: Donghae was encouraged to become a singer by his father, who had wanted to pursue singing as a youth, but was never able to. He was a member of the Starlight Academy and jointly with Sungmin won first place in 2001 SM Youth Best Contest (청소년 베스트 선발대회) for Best Outward Appearance. His real name Donghae means "East Sea" and thus a lot of his nicknames derive from this.
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Siwon (시원/始 源)
(시원 which is actually pronounced Shiwon)
Real Name: Choi Siwon (최시원/崔 始 源)
Nickname(s): Simba (named by Heechul), Horse (from the Zodiac)
Date of Birth: February 10, 1987 (I've never directly heard Shiwon or any or the members mention this, but according to some, Shiwon's real birthday is April 7, 1986. They claim that his parents registered his birth late so in official documents, his birthday is listed as February 10. However, February 10 is the birthday he officially celebrates so...)
Place of Birth: Seoul (서울)
Height: 183 cm/6'
Weight: 65 kg/143 lb
Blood Type: B
Siblings: younger sister Choi Jiwon
Specialty/Hobby: Singing, Dancing, Acting, Taekwondo, Chinese (language), Playing drums
Official Website: http://www.onlysiwon.com
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=3392
Education: Currently a student at Inha University (인하대학교), Physical Education major
Misc. Info.: Siwon was spotted by an SM scout during his junior high graduation. Against the objections of his father and much struggle, he joined SM in 2003 and made his debut in Dana's MV "What is Love" in October 2003.
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Ryeowook (려욱/麗 旭)

Real Name: Kim Ryeowook (김려욱/金 麗 旭)
Nickname(s): Eternal Mangnae (만년막내 literally means "for 10,000 years, the youngest")
Date of Birth: June 21, 1987
Place of Birth: Inchon (인천)
Height: 173 cm/5' 8.1"
Weight: 58 kg/127.6 lb
Blood Type: O
Siblings: only child
Specialty/Hobby: Singing, Composition
Education: Currently a student at Inha University (인하대학교), Theater Arts major
Misc. Info.: Ryeowook won first place in a singing contest on MBC FM radio's ‘별이 빛나는 밤에 (Starry Night)’ which lead him to enter the 2004 CMB ChinChin Star Festival (CMB 친친 청소년가요제) where he won Silver Award. He was a devout fan of the female pop group S.E.S. and was a member of their official fanclub.
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Kibum (기범/基 范)

Real Name: Kim Kibum (김기범/金 基 范)
Nickname(s): Snow White (named by Heechul), Yangban Kim (named by Heechul)
Date of Birth: August 21, 1987
Place of Birth: Seoul (서울)
Height: 179 cm/5' 10.5" (stated on Yashimmanman that his real height was 177 cm/5' 9.7")
Weight: 58 kg/127.6 lb
Blood Type: A
Siblings: younger sister Kim Saehee
Official Website: http://www.actorkibum.smtown.com
Soompi Thread: http://www.soompi.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=24763
Education: Unknown
Misc. Info.: Kibum was spotted walking around during a Korean Festival in LA by a SM scout and joined SM in 2002. He made his first appearance in the KBS2 drama "April Kiss" in 2004 as the younger version of the main character.
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Kyuhyun (규현/奎 賢)

Real Name: Cho Kyuhyun (조규현/趙 奎 賢)
Nickname(s): Kim Kyu (김규, named by Heechul), Game Kyu (겜규) , Jumong Kyu (주몽규) , Chic Kyu (시크규)
Date of Birth: February 3, 1988
Place of Birth: Seoul (서울)
Height: 180 cm/5' 10.9"
Weight: 68 kg/149.6 lb
Blood Type: A
Siblings: older sister Cho Ara (1985)
Specialty/Hobby: Singing, Listening to music, Watching movies
Education: Currently a student at Kyunghee University (경희대학교), Post Modern Music major
Misc. Info.: Kyuhyun won Bronze Award at the 2005 CMB ChinChin Star Festival (CMB 친친 청소년가요제).



"May be taken out with full and proper credits"

2011년 4월 29일 금요일

Korean Food: Bulgogi (Korean BBQ) (불고기)

Bulgogi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Bulgogi
Korean name
Hangul 불고기
Revised Romanization bulgogi
McCune–Reischauer pulgogi
Bulgogi (Korean pronunciation: [bulɡoɡi]) is a Korean dish that usually consists of marinated barbecued beef, although chicken or pork may also be used.[1]

Contents

[hide]

[edit] Etymology

Bulgogi literally means "fire meat" in Korean, which refers to the cooking technique—over an open flame—rather than the dish's spiciness. The term is also applied to variations such as dak bulgogi (made with chicken) or dwaeji bulgogi (made with pork), although the seasonings are different.[2]

[edit] History

Bulgogi is believed to have originated during the Goguryeo era (37 BC–668 AD) when it was originally called maekjeok (맥적), with the beef being grilled on a skewer.[3] It was called neobiani (너비아니), meaning "thinly spread" meat,[1] in the Joseon Dynasty and was traditionally prepared especially for the king.[1][4]

[edit] Preparation and serving

Bulgogi being cooked in a pan
Bulgogi is made from thin slices of sirloin or other prime cuts of beef.[5] Before cooking the meat is marinated to enhance its flavour and tenderness, with a mixture of soy sauce, sugar, sesame oil, garlic and other ingredients such as scallions, or mushrooms, especially white button mushrooms or shiitake. Sometimes, cellophane noodles are added to the dish, which varies by region and specific recipe.[1][6]
Bulgogi is traditionally grilled, but pan-cooking is common as well. Whole cloves of garlic, sliced onions, and chopped green peppers are often grilled or fried with the meat.[1] This dish is sometimes served with a side of lettuce or other leafy vegetable, which is used to wrap a slice of cooked meat, often along with a dab of ssamjang, or other side dishes, and then eaten as a whole.[4]

[edit] In modern culture

Bulgogi is served in barbecue restaurants in South Korea and there are bulgogi flavoured fast-food hamburgers sold at many Korean fast-food restaurants. The hamburger patty is marinated in bulgogi sauce and served with lettuce, tomato, onion, and sometimes cheese. It is similar to a teriyaki burger in flavour.[7][8][9]

[edit] See also

Girls` Generation(소녀시대) _ Gee _ MusicVideo



Girls' Generation

Girls' Generation perform in PaekSang Arts Awards - Left to right : Hyoyeon, Tiffany, Jessica, Sooyoung, Yoona, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Sunny and Yuri.
Background information
Also known asSNSD (소녀시대),
SoShi (소시),
Shōjo Jidai (少女時代),
Shàonǚ Shídài (少女時代, 少女时代),
Síunéuih Sìhdoih
OriginSeoul, South Korea
GenresPop, dance-pop, teen pop, bubblegum pop, electropop
Years active2007 – present
LabelsSM Entertainment (South Korea)
Nayutawave Records (Japan) (2010-present)
Avex Group (2007-2010)
United Asia Management
Associated actsSM Town
WebsiteOfficial website
Official Japanese website
Official Taiwanese website
Members
Taeyeon
Jessica
Sunny
Tiffany
Hyoyeon
Yuri
Sooyoung
Yoona
Seohyun

Korean Taekwondo Video




Taekwondo

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Sports


Taekwondo

A WTF taekwondo sparring match
Also known asTaekwon-Do, Tae Kwon-Do, Tae Kwon Do
FocusStriking
Country of originFlag of Korea Korea
Olympic SportSince 2000 ( WTF regulations)
Taekwondo
Hangul태권도
Hanja跆拳道
Revised RomanizationTaegwondo
McCune-ReischauerT'aekwŏndo
Taekwondo IPA/tаɪkwɒndoʊ/) is a Korean martial art and combat sport. Taekwondo is the national sport of South Korea andsparring, kyeorugi, is an Olympic sporting event. In Korean hanjatae (跆) means to destroy with the feet; kwon (拳) means "fist"; anddo (道) means "path" or "way". Hence, taekwondo is loosely translated as "the way of the foot and fist".
Taekwondo's popularity has resulted in the divergent evolution of the martial art. As with many other martial arts, taekwondo is a combination of combat techniques, self-defense, sport, exercise, and philosophy.
Although there are great doctrinal and technical differences among taekwondo organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, using the leg's greater reach and power to disable the opponent from a distance. In sparring, turning,front, reverse turning, and side kicks are often used, as well as the backfist and reverse punch; advanced kicks include jumping, spinning, sliding, and skipping kicks, often in combination. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.

History

The oldest Korean martial art was an amalgamation of unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean kingdoms ofGoguryeo, Silla and Baekje. Young men were trained in unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The most popular of these techniques was subak, with taekkyeon being the most popular of the segments of subak.
Taekwondo practitioners demonstrating their techniques.
Taekwondo practitioners demonstrating their techniques.
As the Goguryeo kingdom grew in power, the neighboring Silla kingdom became comparatively weaker, and an effort was undertaken among the Silla to develop a corps of special warriors. The Silla had a regular army but its military training techniques were less advanced than those of the Goguryeo, and its soldiers were generally of a lesser caliber. The Silla selected young men, some as young as twelve, and trained them in the liberal arts. Those who demonstrated strong natural aptitude were selected as trainees in the new special warrior corps, called the Hwarang. It was believed that young men with a talent for the liberal arts may have the grace to become competent warriors. These warriors were instructed in academics as well as martial arts, learning philosophy, history, a code of ethics, and equestrian sports. Their military training included an extensive weapons program involving swordsmanship and archery, both on horseback and on foot, as well as lessons in military tactics and unarmed combat usingsubak. Although subak was a leg-oriented art in Goguryeo, Silla's influence added hand techniques to the practice of subak.
In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and traditional martial arts, Korean martial arts faded into obscurity during the Joseon Dynasty. Korean society became highly centralized under Korean Confucianism and martial arts were lowly regarded in a society whose ideals were epitomized by its scholar-kings. Formal practices of traditional martial arts such as subak and taekkyeon were reserved for sanctioned military uses. However folk practice of taekkyeon as a kicking game still persisted into the 19th century.

Modern Taekwondo

During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), the practice of taekkyeon was banned. Although the art essentially vanished, some aspects of taekkyeon may have survived through underground teaching and folk custom. As the Japanese colonization established a firm foothold in Korea, the few Koreans who were able to attend Japanese universities were exposed to Okinawan and Japanese martial arts, and some received black belts in these arts. Koreans in China were also exposed toChinese martial arts.
After World War II and the liberation of Korea, several Kwans (schools) arose. They included:Chung Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Jidokwan (or Yun Moo Kwan), Chang Moo Kwan, Han Moo Kwan,Oh Do Kwan, Jung Do Kwan, Kang Duk Won, and Song Moo Kwan. All taught Japanese-influenced systems. Most were based on Japanese Karate, most notabaly Shotokan Karate. As these arts began to be taught openly by Koreans who had learned it in Japan, they were taught under such names as kongsudo and tangsudo. According to Steven D. Capener:
This process of development can be broadly outlined as follows: Japanese karate called kongsudo or tangsudo was introduced to Korea just after liberation from Japan by Koreans who had learned karate in Japan. Upon returning, these Koreans opened karate gymnasiums promoting what they were teaching as karate, much like the process followed by the early Judo instructors. Well after these schools became established, the need to "Koreanize" was felt. The process of Koreanization consisted of three main aspects. The first was the selection of a new, non-Japanese name. The second was the creation of a system of techniques and training which was distinctly different from that of karate, and the third was the attempt to establish t'aegwondo's existence and development within the historical flow of Korean civilization.
The liberation of Korea also brought renewed interest in indigenous arts. Song Duk-ki gave a taekkyon demonstration for Republic of Korea President Syngman Rhee. Korean nationalism led to the development of a new, clearly Korean art from the Japanese Karate base, influenced by memories of past Korean martial arts and by a desire to create an art that could be practiced as a competitive sport.,
By the end of the Korean War, nine schools of martial arts had emerged, and South Korean President Syngman Rhee ordered that the various schools unify under a single system. A governmental body selected a naming committee's submission of "tae-kwon-do". Following the submission of the name "taekwondo" on April 11, 1955 by General Choi Hong Hi, the name was unanimously accepted. the Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed in 1959 to facilitate the unification. Shortly thereafter, taekwondo made its debut worldwide. Standardization efforts in South Korea stalled, as the kwans continued to teach differing styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification resulted in the formation of the Korea Tae Soo Do Association, which changed its name back to the Korean Taekwondo Association in 1965 following a change of leadership.
General Choi Hong Hi was the author of the first English taekwondo syllabus book, entitled "Taekwon-Do" and published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965 . General Choi later founded the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) on March 22nd 1966 in Seoul, South Korea. Choi had studied Korean martial arts when young and earned a black belt in Shotokan karate in Japan. Subsequently, Choi fell out of favour with the authorities in South Korea and moved his organization to Canada in 1972. It is also worth noting that he is regarded by ITF taekwondo practitioners as the founder of taekwondo.
In 1972, the Korea Taekwondo Association Central Dojang was opened. A few months later, the name was changed to the Kukkiwon. The following year, the World Taekwondo Federation was formed. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF and taekwondo sparring in 1980, and the sport was accepted as a demonstration event at the 1988 Seoul and the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympic Games. It became an official medal event as of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Taekwondo is one of two Asian martial arts (judo being the other) in the Olympic Games.
The WTF operates internationally, and taekwondo is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. Although competition has always been a significant feature of taekwondo, many practitioners study taekwondo for personal development, to learn self-defense, or for a combination of reasons.

Organizations

The largest taekwondo organizations are the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). The WTF is headquartered in South Korea and was founded in 1973 by a group of various national taekwondo teams. Its purpose is to coordinate international competition events under the rules of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Although the terms "WTF" and "Kukkiwon" are often mistakenly used interchangeably to refer to this organization, the Kukkiwon is a completely different organization which trains and certifies instructors and issues official dan and pum certificates worldwide. The Kukkiwon has its own unique physical building that contains the administrative offices of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) in Seoul, South Korea. The Kukkiwon was founded in 1972.
The unofficial training headquarters of the International Taekwondo Federation is located at the Taekwondo Palace located in Pyongyang, North Korea and was founded in the mid-1990s. Today, the International Taekwondo Federation is splintered into three different groups, all claiming to be the original. The three are located in Austria, Canada and North Korea.
Four concrete paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. Breaking techniques are often practiced in taekwondo.
Four concrete paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. Breaking techniques are often practiced in taekwondo.
Aside from the World Taekwondo Federation and the International Taekwondo Federation, there are many other organizations. These include the American Taekwondo Federation (ATF), the American Taekwondo Association (ATA), the International Progressive Taekwondo Federation (IPTF), the Taekwondo Association of Great Britain (TAGB), and so on. These private organizations require that students belong to a member club or school. Events and competitions held by private organizations are mostly closed to other Taekwondo students. However, the WTF-sanctioned events allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete in World Taekwondo Federation events as long as he or she is a member of the WTF Member National Association in his or her nation, which is open to anyone to join. The major technical differences among these many organizations revolve around the patterns, called hyeong 형, pumsae 품새, or teul 틀, sets of prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture, positioning, and technique, sparring rules for competition (e.g. ITF light-contact versus WTF full-contact), and philosophy.
In addition to these private organizations, the original schools ( kwans) that formed the organization that would eventually become the Kukkiwon continue to exist as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the WTF and the Kukkiwon. The official curriculum of the kwans is that of the Kukkiwon. The kwans also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon dan and pumcertification (black belt ranks) for their members. Each kwan has its own individual pledge of tenets and manners that describes the organization's goals for personal improvement. For example, the tenets of Oh Do Kwan and the ITF are: courtesy (ye-ui 예의), integrity (yom-chi 염치), perseverance (in-nae 인내), self-control (geuk-gi 극기), and indomitable spirit (baek-jeol-bul-gul 백절불굴). TheJidokwan manners are: view, feel, think, speak, order, contribute, have ability, and conduct rightly.
Some organizations also recognize one or two additional tenets beyond the five original Oh Do Kwan tenets; these are community service (sa-hui-bong-sa 사회봉사) and love (sa-rang 사랑).

Features

Stretching to increase flexibility is an important aspect of taekwondo training.
Stretching to increase flexibility is an important aspect of taekwondo training.
Taekwondo is famed for its use of kicking techniques, which distinguishes it from martial arts such as karate or southern styles of kung fu. The rationale is that the leg is the longest and strongest weapon a martial artist has, and kicks thus have the greatest potential to execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation.
Taekwondo as a sport and exercise is popular with people of both sexes and of many ages. Physically, taekwondo develops strength, speed, balance, flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical discipline is the breaking of boards, which requires both physical mastery of the technique and the concentration to focus one's strength.
A taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (dobok 도복), often white but sometimes black or other colors, with a belt (tti 띠) tied around the waist. The belt indicates the student's rank. The school or place where instruction is given is called the dojang 도장.
Although each taekwondo club or school will be different, a taekwondo student can typically expect to take part in most or all of the following:
  • Learning the techniques and curriculum of taekwondo
  • Both anaerobic and aerobic workout, including stretching
  • Self-defense techniques (hosinsul 호신술)
  • Patterns (also called forms, pumse 품새, teul 틀, hyeong 형)
  • Sparring (called kyeorugi 겨루기, or matseogi 맞서기 in the ITF), which may include 3-, 2- and 1-step sparring, free-style, arranged, and point sparring, and other types
  • Relaxation and meditation exercises
  • Falling techniques
  • Breaking (using techniques to break boards for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations)
  • Exams to progress to the next rank
  • A focus on mental and ethical discipline, justice, etiquette, respect, and self-confidence
Some taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of pressure points, known as ji ap sul as well as grabbing self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as Hapkido and Judo.

Ranks, belts, and promotion

Taekwondo ranks are separated into "junior" and "senior" or "student" and "instructor" sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks indicated by the Korean wordgeup 급 (also Romanized as gup or kup). The junior ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school, so these ranks are sometimes called "colour belts". Geup rank may be indicated by stripes on belts rather than by colored belts. Students begin at tenth geup (usually indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first geup.
The senior section is made up nine full ranks of black belt along with an honorary tenth degree which you can be voted into after your death. Each rank known by the Korean word dan 단, also referred to as "black belts" and "degrees" (as in "third dan" or "third-degree black belt"). Black belts begin at first degree and advance to second, third, and so on. The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned regardless of rank.
To advance from one rank to the next, students typically complete promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various aspects of the art before a panel of judges. Promotion tests vary from school to school, but may include such elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in specific sequences; the breaking of boards, to demonstrate the ability to use techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense, to demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; and answering questions on terminology, concepts, history, and so on, to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the art. Students are sometimes required to take a written test or to submit a research paper in addition to taking the practical test.
Promotion from one geup to the next can proceed fairly rapidly, since schools often allow geup promotions every two, three, or four months. Students of geup rank learn the most basic techniques first, then move on to more advanced techniques as they approach first dan.
In contrast, promotion from one dan to the next can take years. The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the rank. For example, a newly-promoted third-degree black belt may not be allowed to promote to fourth-degree until three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related to dan promotions, and may grant younger students pum 품 (junior black belt) ranks rather than dan ranks until they reach a certain age. Dan ranks usually have titles associated with them, such as "master" and "instructor". However, these titles and their associations with specific ranks vary among schools and organizations.
The two main Taekwondo organizations have their own rules and standards when it comes to ranks and the titles that go with them; for details, see Kukkiwon and International Taekwondo Federation.

Competition

Kicks to the head are common in taekwondo sparring.
Kicks to the head are common in taekwondo sparring.
Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns, and/or self-defense (hosinsul). However, in Olympic taekwondo competition, only sparring is contested; and in Olympic sparring the WTF competition rules are used. These rules are available at the WTF website.
Taekwondo sparring match in Madrid (Spain).
Taekwondo sparring match in Madrid (Spain).
Under WTF and Olympic rules, sparring takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 10 meters square. Each match or bout consists of three non-stop rounds of contact with rest between rounds. Colored belts fight in 1-minute rounds with a 30-second break, while black belts fight in 2-minute rounds with 1-minute breaks. Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact to a scoring area does not score any points. A kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (a trunk protector that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; a kick to the head scores two points. Punches to the head are not allowed. If a competitor is knocked down by a scoring technique and the referee counts, then an additional point is awarded to the opponent.
Image:Armedforces taekwondo.jpg
Rachel Marcial of the US Armed Forces team (blue) competing in a taekwondo match.
At the end of three rounds, the competitor with the most points wins the match. If, during the match, one competitor gains a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reaches a total of 12 points, then that competitor is immediately declared the winner and the match ends. In the event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round will be held to determine the winner, after a 1-minute rest period.
Official WTF trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards
Official WTF trunk protector (hogu), forearm guards and shin guards
The ITF sparring rules are similar, but differ from the WTF rules in several respects. For example, hand attacks to the head are allowed; flying techniques score more points than grounded techniques; the competition area is slightly smaller (9 meters square instead of 10 meters); and competitors do not wear the hogu used in Olympic-style sparring (although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment). The ITF competition rules and regulations are available at the ITF information website.

Korean commands

In taekwondo, Korean language commands are often used. For words used in counting, see Korean numerals.
WordHangeulMeaning
Charyeot차렷Attention
Gyeongnye경례Bow
Baro바로Return
Swieo쉬어At ease, relax
Kihap기합Yell
Junbi준비Ready
Sijak시작Begin
Gallyeo갈려Break (separate)
Gyesok계속Continue
Geuman그만Finish (stop)
Dwiro dora뒤로 돌아Turn around (about turn)
Haesan해산Dismiss
The 2008 Wikipedia for Schools has a sponsor: SOS Children , and is a hand-chosen selection of article versions from the English Wikipedia edited only by deletion (see www.wikipedia.org for details of authors and sources). The articles are available under the GNU Free Documentation License. See also our Disclaimer. This article was sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/?oldid=187882158 .